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TA贡献1803条经验 获得超6个赞
数学模型
我会引入一个二元变量:
x[i,j] = 1 if item i is assigned to slot j 0 otherwise
这是我们的第一个问题:有许多 (i,j) 组合是不允许的。智能模型会尽量不生成禁止的组合。因此我们需要实现一个稀疏变量而不是完全分配的变量。x[i,j]
我们只想在为allowed(i,j)
真时分配和使用。
此外,引入一个连续变量xstat[s]
来计算每个统计数据的总值。
一旦我们有了这个,我们就可以写下约束:
sum( i | allowed(i,j), x[i,j] ) = 1 for all slots j (exactly one item in each slot)
xstat[s] = sum( (i,j) | allowed(i,j), x[i,j] * stat[i,s]) (calculate total stats)
xstat['StatDark'] >= 9
该目标是两个目标的加权和:
minimize xstat['StatDark'] - 9
maximize xstat['StatLight']
所以我们这样做:
maximize -w1*(xstat['StatDark'] - 9) + w2*xstat['StatLight']
对于用户提供的权重 w1 和 w2。
这两个问题让问题变得更加复杂。此外,我们还需要对数据做一些工作,使其适合在优化模型中使用。
Python代码
import pandas as pd
import pulp as lp
from io import StringIO
#----------------------------------------
# raw data
#----------------------------------------
itemData = pd.read_table(StringIO("""
Item Group StatDark StatLight
Item1 Group1 3 5
Item2 Group1 7 1
Item3 Group1 2 5
Item4 Group2 1 6
Item5 Group2 2 5
"""),sep="\s+")
slotData = pd.read_table(StringIO("""
Slot Group
SlotA Group1
SlotB Group1
SlotC Group2
"""),sep='\s+')
# minimum total of Dark
minDark = 9
# stats
stat = ['StatDark','StatLight']
# objective weights
# we have two objectives and there are trde offs between them.
# here we use a simple weighted sum approach. These are the weights.
w = {'StatDark':0.3, 'StatLight':0.7}
#----------------------------------------
# data prep
#----------------------------------------
# join on Group
# we need to know which (Item,Slot) combinations are allowed.
merged = pd.merge(itemData[['Item','Group']],slotData,on='Group').set_index(['Item','Slot'])
items = itemData['Item']
slots = slotData['Slot']
# we will use the convention:
# i : items
# j : slots
# s : stats
# stat values
# easy lookup of statv[(i,s)]
itemData = itemData.set_index('Item')
statv = {(i,s):itemData.loc[i,s] for i in items for s in stat}
#----------------------------------------
# MIP model
#----------------------------------------
# x[(i,j)] = 1 if item i is assigned to slot j
# 0 otherwise
# only use combinations (i,j) that are allowed
x = lp.LpVariable.dicts('x', [(i,j) for i,j in merged.index], cat='Binary')
# xstat[stat] = total accumulated values
xstat = lp.LpVariable.dicts('xstat', [s for s in stat], cat='Continuous', lowBound = 0)
prob = lp.LpProblem("assignItemsToSlots", lp.LpMaximize)
# objective: weighted sum
#----------
# 1. minimize statDark exceeding minDark
# 2. maximize statLight
prob += -w['StatDark']*(xstat['StatDark'] - minDark) + w['StatLight']*xstat['StatLight']
# constraints
# -----------
# each slot much have exactly one item
# (but the same item can go to different slots)
for j in slots:
prob += lp.lpSum([x[(i,j)] for i,jj in merged.index if jj==j]) == 1
# minimum total value for dark
prob += xstat['StatDark'] >= minDark
# calculate stat totals
for s in stat:
prob += xstat[s] == lp.lpSum([x[(i,j)]*statv[i,s] for i,j in merged.index])
#----------------------------------------
# solve problem
#----------------------------------------
prob.solve()
# to show the log use
# solve(pulp.PULP_CBC_CMD(msg=1))
print("Status:", lp.LpStatus[prob.status])
print("Objective:",lp.value(prob.objective))
#----------------------------------------
# solution
#----------------------------------------
assigned = []
for i,j in merged.index:
if lp.value(x[(i,j)]) > 0.5:
assigned += [[i, j]]
assigned = pd.DataFrame(assigned, columns=['item','slot'])
print(assigned)
讨论
该表merged看起来像:
Item Slot Group
-----------------------
Item1 SlotA Group1
SlotB Group1
Item2 SlotA Group1
SlotB Group1
Item3 SlotA Group1
SlotB Group1
Item4 SlotC Group2
Item5 SlotC Group2
Item,Slot 列为我们提供了允许的组合。
该字典statv提供了一个方便的数据结构来访问统计贡献:
{('Item1', 'StatDark'): 3,
('Item1', 'StatLight'): 5,
('Item2', 'StatDark'): 7,
('Item2', 'StatLight'): 1,
('Item3', 'StatDark'): 2,
('Item3', 'StatLight'): 5,
('Item4', 'StatDark'): 1,
('Item4', 'StatLight'): 6,
('Item5', 'StatDark'): 2,
('Item5', 'StatLight'): 5}
生成的 MIP 模型如下所示:
assignItemsToSlots:
MAXIMIZE
-0.3*xstat_StatDark + 0.7*xstat_StatLight + 2.6999999999999997
SUBJECT TO
_C1: x_('Item1',_'SlotA') + x_('Item2',_'SlotA') + x_('Item3',_'SlotA') = 1
_C2: x_('Item1',_'SlotB') + x_('Item2',_'SlotB') + x_('Item3',_'SlotB') = 1
_C3: x_('Item4',_'SlotC') + x_('Item5',_'SlotC') = 1
_C4: xstat_StatDark >= 9
_C5: - 3 x_('Item1',_'SlotA') - 3 x_('Item1',_'SlotB')
- 7 x_('Item2',_'SlotA') - 7 x_('Item2',_'SlotB') - 2 x_('Item3',_'SlotA')
- 2 x_('Item3',_'SlotB') - x_('Item4',_'SlotC') - 2 x_('Item5',_'SlotC')
+ xstat_StatDark = 0
_C6: - 5 x_('Item1',_'SlotA') - 5 x_('Item1',_'SlotB') - x_('Item2',_'SlotA')
- x_('Item2',_'SlotB') - 5 x_('Item3',_'SlotA') - 5 x_('Item3',_'SlotB')
- 6 x_('Item4',_'SlotC') - 5 x_('Item5',_'SlotC') + xstat_StatLight = 0
VARIABLES
0 <= x_('Item1',_'SlotA') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item1',_'SlotB') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item2',_'SlotA') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item2',_'SlotB') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item3',_'SlotA') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item3',_'SlotB') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item4',_'SlotC') <= 1 Integer
0 <= x_('Item5',_'SlotC') <= 1 Integer
xstat_StatDark Continuous
xstat_StatLight Continuous
解决方案
解决方案如下所示:
Status: Optimal
Objective: 8.099999999999998
item slot
0 Item2 SlotB
1 Item3 SlotA
2 Item4 SlotC
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