如何在Python中随机指定变量

Question

我正在创建一个密码生成器，它获取所需密码的长度、字母数量以及数字数量。密码需要包含大写字母以及数字和特殊字符。我无法弄清楚如何指定密码中的字母和数字的数量。这是我到目前为止所拥有的：import randomcharslet ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"charsnum = "1234567890"charssym = "!@#$%^&*"def password():    pwd = ""    passlen = int(input("How long do you want the password to be?: "))    passlet = int(input("How many letters do you want in your password?: "))    passnum = int(input("How many numbers do you want in your password?: "))    passsym = int(passlen - (passlet + passnum))    chars = ""    for let in range(passlet):        chars += random.choice(charslet)    for num in range(passnum):        chars += random.choice(charsnum)    for sym in range(passsym):        chars += random.choice(charssym)    for p in range(passlen):        pwd += random.choice(chars)    print(pwd)password()

Answer 1

我认为最后一部分让你感到困惑。您正在使用chars正确数量的特定字符构建变量，但最后您再次在它们之间进行选择。

你可以改变：

for p in range(passlen):

    password += random.choice(chars)

和

# option 1 - works better if working with lists

list_chars = list(chars)

random.shuffle(chars)

password = "".join(list_chars)

# option 2 - simpler solution for strings

password = "".join(random.sample(char, len(char)))

您还可以使用 shuffle 来选择之前的字符，而不使用 for 循环，例如：

# for this to work your `charslet` must be a list

random.shuffle(charslet)

chars += "".join(charslet[:passlet])

Answer 2

这是更正后的代码：

    import random

    charslet ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

    charsnum = "1234567890"

    charssym = "!@#$%^&*"

    def password():

        pwd = ""

        passlen = int(input("How long do you want the password to be?: "))

        passlet = int(input("How many letters do you want in your password?: "))

        passnum = int(input("How many numbers do you want in your password?: "))

        passsym = int(passlen - (passlet + passnum))

        chars = ""

        for let in range(passlet):

            chars += random.choice(charslet)

        for num in range(passnum):

            chars += random.choice(charsnum)

        for sym in range(passsym):

            chars += random.choice(charssym)

        list_chars = list(chars)

        random.shuffle(list_chars)

        pwd = "".join(list_chars)

        print(pwd)

    password()

我替换：

    for p in range(passlen):

        password += random.choice(chars)

和

    list_chars = list(chars)

    random.shuffle(list_chars)

    pwd = "".join(list_chars)

将更改后的chars变量放入列表中可以让我对其进行洗牌、随机化并允许我将其分配给pwd