3 回答
TA贡献1794条经验 获得超7个赞
发生异常时全部取消即可。障碍在于您在创建它们时并不了解所有这些,并且您不想多次执行此工作。这可以通过创建一个新的、空的CompletableFuture第一个(我们称之为f1)来解决。然后,像以前一样创建 future,但f1.cancel在if(shouldStop()) { … }语句中插入对 的调用。然后,在创建所有 future 后,将一个操作链接起来,将所有 future 取消f1。
取消将达到两个目的,它将阻止尚未开始的可运行对象的执行,并且将使未来通过不allOf等待仍在进行的评估完成来返回。
由于取消 aCompletableFuture与使用 a 异常完成它没有什么不同CancellationException,并且在出现多个异常的情况下,由 返回的 futureallOf将报告任意一个,我们可以使用自completeExceptionally定义来MyException代替,以确保报告的异常不会是次要的CancellationException。
一个独立的例子是:
static final AtomicInteger STOP = new AtomicInteger(2);
static boolean shouldStop() {
return STOP.getAndDecrement() <= 0;
}
static final int N = 10;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<Integer> elements = IntStream.range(0, 100).boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet());
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(N);
try {
CompletableFuture<?> cancelAll = new CompletableFuture<>();
CompletableFuture<?>[] all = elements.stream()
.map(e ->
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("entered "+e);
if(shouldStop()) {
RuntimeException myException = new RuntimeException("stopped");
// alternatively cancelAll.cancel(false);
cancelAll.completeExceptionally(myException);
throw myException;
}
System.out.println("processing "+e);
}, executor))
.toArray(CompletableFuture<?>[]::new);
cancelAll.whenComplete((value,throwable) -> {
if(throwable != null) {
for(CompletableFuture<?> cf: all) cf.completeExceptionally(throwable);
}
});
CompletableFuture.allOf(all).join();
} catch (CompletionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
executor.shutdown();
}
这会打印类似的东西
entered 3
entered 8
entered 4
entered 6
entered 1
entered 9
entered 0
entered 7
entered 5
entered 2
entered 10
processing 8
processing 3
java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: stopped
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.encodeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:331)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:346)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$BiRelay.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:1423)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$CoCompletion.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:1144)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:506)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeExceptionally(CompletableFuture.java:2088)
at CompletableFutureTest.lambda$main$3(CompletableFutureTest.java:34)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:859)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:837)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:506)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeExceptionally(CompletableFuture.java:2088)
at CompletableFutureTest.lambda$main$0(CompletableFutureTest.java:26)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.run(CompletableFuture.java:1736)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: stopped
at CompletableFutureTest.lambda$main$0(CompletableFutureTest.java:25)
... 4 more
显示由于并发性,一些可运行对象已经在运行,但一旦传播取消,就不会启动后续执行。
请注意,由于cancelAll只会在异常情况下完成或根本不会完成,cancelAll.whenComplete((value,throwable) -> { for(CompletableFuture<?> cf: all) cf.completeExceptionally(throwable); });因此您可以将链接操作简化为,但这只是编码风格是否保留冗余检查的问题。
您还可以向处理步骤添加延迟,以确保allOf(all).join()在满足停止条件时不会等待完成。
还可以将一个操作链接到返回的 future,runAsync该操作将在任何异常完成时取消所有操作,而不仅仅是显式停止。但是,必须注意返回表示通过 安排的操作的原始未来,runAsync而不是返回的未来whenComplete。
CompletableFuture<?> cancelAll = new CompletableFuture<>();
CompletableFuture<?>[] all = elements.stream()
.map(e -> {
CompletableFuture<Void> cf = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("entered "+e);
if(shouldStop()) throw new RuntimeException("stopped");
System.out.println("processing "+e);
}, executor);
cf.whenComplete((value,throwable) -> {
if(throwable != null) cancelAll.completeExceptionally(throwable);
});
return cf;
})
.toArray(CompletableFuture<?>[]::new);
cancelAll.whenComplete((value,throwable) -> {
for(CompletableFuture<?> cf: all) cf.completeExceptionally(throwable);
});
CompletableFuture.allOf(all).join();
TA贡献1784条经验 获得超8个赞
我对 s 没有太多(当然没有!)经验CompletableFuture
,但我确实有一个建议(可能有帮助?)你可以在CompletableFuture.allOf(elements.stream().map
try 块外部声明 lambda 吗?这样,在尝试内部之前,所有期货都不会运行。但它们仍然可以被 catch 块访问。在其中您可以完成cancel
所有这些。
TA贡献1789条经验 获得超10个赞
您应该做的主要事情是interrupt希望更快地终止所有正在运行的任务,这意味着这些任务可能需要检查中断,以便它们知道停止正在做的事情并更快地终止。
此外,您可以在主线程中继续并让它们在后台终止,而不是等待被中断的任务实际终止。
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> elements = Arrays.asList(5, null, 6, 3, 4); // these elements will fail fast
// List<Integer> elements = Arrays.asList(5, 2, 6, 3, 4); // these elements will succeed
try {
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(elements.size());
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(elements.size());
elements.stream().forEach(e -> {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
doSomething(e);
latch.countDown();
} catch (Exception ex) {
// shutdown executor ASAP on exception, read the docs for `shutdownNow()`
// it will interrupt all tasks in the executor
if (!executor.isShutdown()) {
executor.shutdownNow();
}
for (int i = (int) latch.getCount(); i >= 0; i--) {
latch.countDown();
}
// log the exception
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
});
});
latch.await();
if (executor.isShutdown()) {
System.out.println("Tasks failed! Terminating remaining tasks in the background.");
} else {
executor.shutdown();
System.out.println("Tasks succeeded!");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void doSomething(Integer sleepSecs) {
// You will want to check for `interrupted()` throughout the method you want to be able to cancel
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted early");
return;
}
if (sleepSecs == null) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " throwing exception ");
throw new RuntimeException();
}
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " started interruptable sleep for " + sleepSecs + "s");
Thread.sleep(sleepSecs * 1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " finished interruptable sleep" + sleepSecs + "s");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted sleep!");
}
// ...possibly some part of the task that can't be skipped, such as cleanup
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " complete!");
}
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