如何制作带有前景和背景的线图？

Question

你究竟如何在一个图中制作多条线的线图，但每条线都设置在背景中，几乎就像是 3D 的？请参阅下面的示例图片：

Answer 1

在 R 中，您可以像这样非常接近：

library(ggridges)

set.seed(69)

df <- data.frame(x = as.vector(sapply(14:10, function(i) rnorm(30, i, 2))),

                 group = rep(letters[1:5], each = 30))

ggplot(df, aes(x, y = group, fill = group)) + 

  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 10), size = 2, color = "#5078be") +

  geom_density_ridges(size = 2, aes(color = group)) +

  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 3), size = 2) +

  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#8f4b4a", "#c08f33", "#e2baba", "#ffe2ae", "#83a8f1")) +

  scale_colour_manual(values = c("#5c1a08", "#8c5b01", "#af8987", "#d2ab83", "#5078be")) +

  theme_void() +

  theme(legend.position = "none")

Answer 2

R如果你想在检查包中做那种情节（山脊线情节）ggridges。这将向您展示一堆很酷的例子：

browseVignettes("ggridges")

Answer 3

您可以使用 z 轴来做到这一点。您仍然可以根据需要调整设计并隐藏轴等。

from scipy import exp

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

def gaus(x, a, x0, sigma):

    return a*exp(-(x-x0)**2/(2*sigma**2))

if __name__ == '__main__':

    x = np.array([i for i in range(0, 100)])

    y1 = gaus(x, 1, 50, 5)

    y2 = gaus(x, 1, 45, 12)

    fig = plt.figure()

    ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')

    ax.view_init(-90, 90)

    ax.plot3D(x, y1, 100)

    ax.plot3D(x, y2, 1)

    plt.show()