在 python 中创建图形后如何更改散点图的轴限制

Question

我想创建一个 NFL 场图，然后在其上放置一个散点图。这是我的字段代码（只需复制粘贴所有这些。这不是我的问题所在）：import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport pylab as pl# Create figurefig, ax = pl.subplots(figsize=(15,10))# Set field dimensionsplt.xlim(0, 120)  # Field length including endzonesplt.ylim(0, 53.3)  # field width# Set field color greenax.set_facecolor('#79af75')ax.set_alpha(0.5)# Print linesfor i in range(0, 120, 10):    plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=3, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)    if i == 10 or i == 110:  # Make endzone lines        plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=5, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)# Paint numbersyds_from_sideline = 12for i in range(10, 50, 10):    plt.text(i+10, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)    plt.text(110-i, 53.3-yds_from_sideline,  str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)    plt.text(i+10, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')    plt.text(110-i, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')# Paint 50 yard line numbersplt.text(60, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)plt.text(60, yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')# Print something in the endzonesplt.text(5, 26.5, 'Vikings', color='#4F2683', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=90)plt.text(115, 26.5, 'Opponent', color='black', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=270)# Fix the aspect ratio (optional)plt.gca().set_aspect(1)# Display the figureplt.show()我试图将以下代码添加到现场图，但没有成功。

Answer 1

不确定这是否是最好的方法，但我首先缩放ylim到您想要的范围 (-5,5)，然后将码值plt.text()从范围 (0,53.3) 缩放到范围 (-5,5) ，相应地调整顶部/底部值plt.text()（从 53.3 到 5，从 0 到 -5）。最后更改ax.scatter()为直接引用您的数据列，因此要在 x 轴上偏移只需添加一个值 10。此外，删除set_aspect(1)。

这样你就不会在一开始就创建一个过大的图形，然后你必须争先恐后地提交。

代码（更改前面的注释# CHANGES HERE !!!：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pylab as pl

import numpy as np

# Create figure

fig, ax = pl.subplots(figsize=(15,10))

# Set field dimensions

plt.xlim(0, 120)  # Field length including endzones

# CHANGES HERE !!!

# set ylim respective to your data

plt.ylim(-5, 5)  # field width

# Set field color green

ax.set_facecolor('#79af75')

ax.set_alpha(0.5)

# Print lines

for i in range(0, 120, 10):

    plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=3, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)

    if i == 10 or i == 110:  # Make endzone lines

        plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=5, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)

# Paint numbers

yds_from_sideline = 12

for i in range(10, 50, 10):

#   CHANGES HERE !!!

#   change y values because ylim has changed (top-ylim - yds_from_sideline translated to scale of ylim)

    plt.text(i+10, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)

    plt.text(110-i, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3),  str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)

    plt.text(i+10, -5 + 10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')

    plt.text(110-i, -5 + 10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')

# Paint 50 yard line numbers

# CHANGES HERE !!!

# change y values here as well

plt.text(60, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)

plt.text(60, -5+10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')

# Print something in the endzones

plt.text(5, 0, 'Vikings', color='#4F2683', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=90)

plt.text(115, 0, 'Opponent', color='black', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=270)

# Just showing how to set titles and labels

plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)

plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)

plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)

plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)

plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)

plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)

ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-5, 6,1))

# CHANGES HERE !!!

# increase x by 10 to start at x = 10

ax.scatter(x=data['yardline_100']+10,y=data['epa'])

# # Fix the aspect ratio (optional)

# plt.gca().set_aspect(1)

# Display the figure

plt.show()

输出（使用您的示例数据）：