如何在 Python 中快速求和多个数组中的一系列索引？

Question

我试图使用一个方程重建 HDR 图像，其中我必须对每个 i 值的分子和分母中的 j 个值 (0-15) 求和。有没有更快的方法来做到这一点？也许使用 np.sum？g 是一个 255 长的一维数组，它重新映射所有像素值。lEks 是 15 张图像的日志曝光时间Z 是一个大小为 [95488, 15] 的数组，第一维是像素索引，第二维是图像编号def genHDR(Z,g,lEks):    Zi, Zj = Z.shape        #[95488, 15]    HDRimage= np.zeros(Zi)    for i in range(Zi):        numerator   = 0        denominator = 0        for j in range(Zj):            numerator   +=(Z[i,j])*(g[Z[i,j]] - lEks[j])            denominator +=(Z[i,j])        HDRimage[i] = numerator/denominator    return HDRimage

Answer 1

可能最好的方法是使用 np.Array.sum(axis=1)。假设 g(Z[i,j]) 调用有效。你实际上甚至不需要任何循环：

import numpy as np

Z = np.random.randint(0,255,(10,15))

g=np.random.randint(0,10,(256))

lEks = np.random.rand((15))

def genHDR(Z,g,lEks):

    numerator = (Z*(g[Z]-lEks.view().reshape((1,)+ lEks.shape))).sum(axis=1)

    denominator = Z.sum(axis=1)

    HDRimage = numerator/denominator

    return HDRimage

Answer 2

也许您仍然可以使用以下内容来了解如何构建它。我喜欢逐步思考。

import numpy as np

Z=  np.random.randint(low=0,high=256,size=(6,3))   # assume just 3 images with 6 pixels each

print(f' Z= {Z}')

lEks=np.random.rand(3)

print(f'lEks = {lEks}')

g0=np.arange(255)   #some example mapping; here from byte to half byte

g= g0//2        # // integer division

npxl,nimage=np.shape(Z)

print(f'npxl={npxl} nimage={nimage}')

# vectorize just one operation at first, easier to visualize

hdr=np.zeros(npxl)

for i in np.arange(npxl):

    #print(Z[i])

    denom=np.sum(Z[i])

    hdr[i]= np.sum(Z[i] *(g[Z[i]]- lEks))/denom 

    # Z[i] is just a vector of length 3, just like lEks

print(hdr)

# this would do it, but still be slower than necessary, as your remaining loop has many more elements that 

# the one we dealt with

# now vectorize the other coordinate (remove the remaining for-loop)

hdr=np.zeros(npxl)

hdr=  np.sum(Z *(g[Z]- lEks), axis=1)/ np.sum(Z,axis=1)   # which axis to sum over is critical

print(hdr)

#final code

def genHDR(Z, g, lEks):

    npxl,nimage=np.shape(Z)

    hdr=np.zeros(npxl)

    hdr=  np.sum(Z *(g[Z]- lEks), axis=1)/ np.sum(Z,axis=1) 

    return hdr

print(genHDR(Z,g,lEks))

输出：

 Z= [[199 101  67]

 [134  16 137]

 [219   5 135]

 [153  19  17]

 [238  41 120]

 [ 93  50 179]]

lEks = [0.57778608 0.18113957 0.85257974]

npxl=6 nimage=3

[72.94714613 63.50130665 91.04028102 62.58551969 90.46303414 65.97390417]

[72.94714613 63.50130665 91.04028102 62.58551969 90.46303414 65.97390417]

[72.94714613 63.50130665 91.04028102 62.58551969 90.46303414 65.97390417]