在 Matplotlib mplot3d 中的平面上绘制图像

Question

我有一个使用 Matplotlib 创建的 3D 场景，我想在下图中的底部平面上应用一个类似棋盘的图案。您知道如何实现这一目标吗？这是创建此图像的代码：import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D# Create figureplt.style.use('dark_background') # Dark themefig = plt.figure(frameon=False)ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')# Make panes transparentax.xaxis.pane.fill = False # Left paneax.yaxis.pane.fill = False # Right pane# ax.zaxis.pane.fill = False # Bottom pane# Remove grid linesax.grid(False)# Remove tick labelsax.set_xticklabels([])ax.set_yticklabels([])ax.set_zticklabels([])# Random data to illustratezdata = 15 * np.random.random(100)xdata = np.sin(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)ydata = np.cos(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)ax.scatter3D(xdata, ydata, zdata, c=zdata, cmap='Greens')# Print chartfile_path = 'charts/3d.png'fig.savefig(file_path, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.05, transparent=True)

Answer 1

您可以生成矩形网格并使用mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3dpathpatch_2d_to_3d中的函数 将其插入 3d 场景中：

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle

import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d

# Create figure

plt.style.use('dark_background') # Dark theme

fig = plt.figure(frameon=False)

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Make planes transparent

ax.xaxis.pane.fill = False # Left plane

ax.yaxis.pane.fill = False # Right plane

# ax.zaxis.pane.fill = False # Horizontal plane

# Remove grid lines

ax.grid(False)

# Remove tick labels

ax.set_xticklabels([])

ax.set_yticklabels([])

ax.set_zticklabels([])

# Draw chessboard on hortizontal plane

for x_index, x in enumerate(np.arange(-1, 1.1, 0.2)):

    for y_index, y in enumerate(np.arange(-1, 1.1, 0.2)):

        if (x_index+y_index)%2:

            p = Rectangle([x,y], 0.2, 0.2)

            ax.add_patch(p)

            art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="z")

ax.set(xlim=(-1,1.1), ylim=(-1,1.2), zlim=(0,15))

# Random data to illustrate

zdata = 15 * np.random.random(100)

xdata = np.sin(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)

ydata = np.cos(zdata) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)

ax.scatter3D(xdata, ydata, zdata, c=zdata, cmap='Greens')

# Print chart

file_path = 'charts/3d.png'

fig.savefig(file_path, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.05, transparent=True)

编辑：更清洁的版本

RECT_SIZE_X = 0.2

RECT_SIZE_Y = 0.2

xlims = (-1, 1)

ylims = (-1, 1)

for x_index, x_pos in enumerate(np.arange(xlims[0], xlims[1], RECT_SIZE_X)):

    for y_index, y_pos in enumerate(np.arange(ylims[0], ylims[1], RECT_SIZE_Y)):

        if (x_index+y_index)%2:

            p = Rectangle([x_pos, y_pos], RECT_SIZE_X, RECT_SIZE_Y, color='orange')

        else:

            p = Rectangle([x_pos, y_pos], RECT_SIZE_X, RECT_SIZE_Y, color='gray')

        ax.add_patch(p)

        art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="z")

ax.set(xlim=xlims, ylim=ylims, zlim=(0,15))

# Transparent spines

ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

ax.w_yaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

ax.w_zaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# Transparent panes

ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# No ticks

ax.set_xticks([]) 

ax.set_yticks([]) 

ax.set_zticks([])