我可以返回在任何迭代中找到的值吗？

Question

我正在自学python，并且正在对其他人编写的机器人进行一些更改。我正在尝试为 NSFW 或不适合儿童的单词添加过滤器。我已将这些词添加到名为 config.banned_name_keywords 的列表中。我最初通过返回整个推文使其正常工作，但我试图返回找到的特定单词，以便我可以排除故障并编辑列表。我可以使用 tweet.text 返回整个推文，但这会影响输出并阻塞屏幕。我也试过 print(x) 但我不知道它是在哪里定义的。它首先返回找到推文的单词。for tweet in searched_tweets:    if any(rtwords in tweet.text.lower().split() for rtwords in config.retweet_tags):        # The script only cares about contests that require retweeting. It would be very weird to not have to        # retweet anything; that usually means that there's a link  you gotta open and then fill up a form.        # This clause checks if the text contains any retweet_tags        if tweet.retweeted_status is not None:            # In case it is a retweet, we switch to the original one            if any(y in tweet.retweeted_status.text.lower().split() for y in config.retweet_tags):                tweet = tweet.retweeted_status            else:                continue        if tweet.user.screen_name.lower() in config.banned_users or any(x in tweet.user.name.lower() for x in config.banned_name_keywords):            # If it's the original one, we check if the author is banned            print("Avoided user with ID: " + tweet.user.screen_name + " & Name: " + tweet.user.name)            continue        elif any(z in tweet.text.lower().split() for z in config.banned_name_keywords):            # If the author isn't banned, we check for words we don't want            print("Avoided tweet with words:" + z)            continue

Answer 1

不是现在，但您将能够在 Python 3.8 中通过赋值表达式：

elif any((caught := z) in tweet.text.lower().split() for z in config.banned_name_keywords):

    print("Avoided tweet with word: " + caught)

如果你想捕获所有可能出现的禁用词，你不能使用any，因为它的目的是在你找到一个匹配项时立即停止。为此，您只想计算交集（您今天也可以这样做）：

banned = set(config.banned_name_keywords)

...

else:

    caught = banned.intersection(tweet.text.lower().split())

    if caught:

        print("Avoided tweet with banned words: " + caught)

（它本身也可以使用赋值表达式来缩短：

elif (caught := banned.intersection(tweet.text.lower().split())):

    print("Avoided tweet with banned words: " + caught)

)

Answer 2

更改此行

if tweet.user.screen_name.lower() in config.banned_users or any(x in tweet.user.name.lower() for x in config.banned_name_keywords):

到

try:

    # matched_banned_keyword below is the `SPECIFIC` word that matched

    matched_banned_keyword = config.banned_name_keywords[config.banned_name_keywords.index(tweet.user.name.lower())] 

except:

    matched_banned_keyword = None

if tweet.user.screen_name.lower() in config.banned_users or matched_banned_keyword:

    print("Avoided user with ID: " + tweet.user.screen_name + " & Name: " + tweet.user.name)

L.index(x)x函数返回列表中的索引，如果列表中不存在，则L引发异常。您可以捕获在您的情况下不存在时会发生的异常xLuser.screen_name.lower()config.banned_name_keywords