套接字聊天室 - python 3.7

Question

这是我一直在开发的python聊天室，它使您可以通过python与同一网络上的其他人聊天主持人：import socketimport sysimport times = socket.socket()host = socket.gethostname()port = 8080s.bind((host,port))print("")print("Sever adress is", host)print("")name = input(str("Please enter your username : "))s.listen(1)print("")print("Waiting for any incoming connections ... ")print("")conn, addr = s.accept()print("Recieved connection")#connection done ###s_name = conn.recv(1024)s_name = s_name.decode()print("")print(s_name, "has connected to the chat room")print("")conn.send(name.encode())## messaging loop ##while 1:    message = input(str("Please enter enter your message : "))    print("")    conn.send(message.encode())    message = conn.recv(1024)    message = message.decode()    print("")    print(name,": ",message)    print("")客户：import socketimport sysimport timeprint("Welcome to python chat ")print("")print("Initiallsing....")time.sleep(1)s = socket.socket()print("")host = input(str("Please enter server adress : "))print("")name = input(str("Please enter your name : "))port = 8080print("")time.sleep(1)s.connect((host,port))print("Connected...")## Conection done ##s.send(name.encode())s_name = s.recv(1024)s_name = s_name.decode()print("")print( s_name, "has joined the chat room ")while 1:    message = s.recv(1024)    message = message.decode()    print("")    print(name,": ",message)    print("")    message = input(str("Please enter your enter message : "))    print("")    s.send(message.encode())我有两个问题，第一个问题是它一次只允许一个人说话，我的意思是说如果你先发送一条消息，你将不被允许发送另一条消息，直到另一个人回应. 第二个问题是此代码仅适用于 2 个用户，我希望它适用于多个用户

Answer 1

您需要为发送和接收创建两个单独的线程。您编写循环的方式不适用于同时进行双向通信。因为在发送消息后，循环正在等待接收某些东西。[如果您想通过互联网运行代码，请替换localhost为所需的 IP 地址行HOST = 'localhost'] 让我分享一个解决方案（这是我在 TAing 本科网络课程时完成的示例解决方案）：

我已经在 Linux 机器（Ubuntu 18.04）上测试了代码。我有学生在他们的 Mac 上成功运行了这个。我不确定它是否在 Windows 机器上运行。即使它在 Windows 机器上不起作用，一些小的修改也应该可以解决问题。

服务端代码（你需要先运行这个）： chatServerDuplex.py

# Import socket module

from socket import *

import threading

import sys # In order to terminate the program

FLAG = False  # this is a flag variable for checking quit

# function for receiving message from client

def recv_from_client(conn):

    global FLAG

    try:

        # Receives the request message from the client

        while True:

            if FLAG == True:

                break

            message = conn.recv(1024).decode()

            # if 'q' is received from the client the server quits

            if message == 'q':

                conn.send('q'.encode())

                print('Closing connection')

                conn.close()

                FLAG = True

                break

            print('Client: ' + message)

    except:

        conn.close()

# function for receiving message from client

def send_to_client(conn):

    global FLAG

    try:

        while True:

            if FLAG == True:

                break

            send_msg = input('')

            # the server can provide 'q' as an input if it wish to quit

            if send_msg == 'q':

                conn.send('q'.encode())

                print('Closing connection')

                conn.close()

                FLAG = True

                break

            conn.send(send_msg.encode())

    except:

        conn.close()

# this is main function

def main():

    threads = []

    global FLAG

    # TODO (1) - define HOST name, this would be an IP address or 'localhost' (1 line)

    HOST = 'localhost'

    # TODO (2) - define PORT number (1 line) (Google, what should be a valid port number)

    # make sure the ports are not used for any other application

    serverPort = 6789

    # Create a TCP server socket

    #(AF_INET is used for IPv4 protocols)

    #(SOCK_STREAM is used for TCP)

    # TODO (3) - CREATE a socket for IPv4 TCP connection (1 line)

    serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

    # Bind the socket to server address and server port

    # TODO (4) - bind the socket for HOSR and serverPort (1 line)

    serverSocket.bind((HOST, serverPort))

    # Listen to at most 1 connection at a time

    # TODO (5) - listen and wait for request from client (1 line)

    serverSocket.listen(1)

    # Server should be up and running and listening to the incoming connections

    print('The chat server is ready to connect to a chat client')

    # TODO (6) - accept any connection request from a client (1 line)

    connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()

    print('Sever is connected with a chat client\n')

    t_rcv = threading.Thread(target=recv_from_client, args=(connectionSocket,))

    t_send = threading.Thread(target=send_to_client, args=(connectionSocket,))

    # call the function to receive message server

    #recv_from_server(clientSocket)

    threads.append(t_rcv)

    threads.append(t_send)

    t_rcv.start()

    t_send.start()

    t_rcv.join()

    t_send.join()

    # closing serverScoket before exiting

    print('EXITING')

    serverSocket.close()

    #Terminate the program after sending the corresponding data

    sys.exit()

# This is where the program starts

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

客户端代码： chatClientDuplex.py

from socket import *

import threading

import sys

FLAG = False  # this is a flag variable for checking quit

# function for receiving message from client

def send_to_server(clsock):

    global FLAG

    while True:

        if FLAG == True:

            break

        send_msg = input('')

        clsock.sendall(send_msg.encode())

# function for receiving message from server

def recv_from_server(clsock):

    global FLAG

    while True:

        data = clsock.recv(1024).decode()

        if data == 'q':

            print('Closing connection')

            FLAG = True

            break

        print('Server: ' + data)

# this is main function

def main():

    threads = []

    # TODO (1) - define HOST name, this would be an IP address or 'localhost' (1 line)

    HOST = 'localhost'  # The server's hostname or IP address

    # TODO (2) - define PORT number (1 line) (Google, what should be a valid port number)

    PORT = 6789        # The port used by the server

    # Create a TCP client socket

    #(AF_INET is used for IPv4 protocols)

    #(SOCK_STREAM is used for TCP)

    # TODO (3) - CREATE a socket for IPv4 TCP connection (1 line)

    clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

    # request to connect sent to server defined by HOST and PORT

    # TODO (4) - request a connection to the server (1 line)

    clientSocket.connect((HOST, PORT))

    print('Client is connected to a chat sever!\n')

    # call the function to send message to server

    #send_to_server(clientSocket)

    t_send = threading.Thread(target=send_to_server, args=(clientSocket,))

    # call the function to receive message server

    #recv_from_server(clientSocket)

    t_rcv = threading.Thread(target=recv_from_server, args=(clientSocket,))

    threads.append(t_send)

    threads.append(t_rcv)

    t_send.start()

    t_rcv.start()

    t_send.join()

    t_rcv.join()

    print('EXITING')

    sys.exit()

# This is where the program starts

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Answer 2

System123456 问题是当服务器侦听并且客户端连接到它时，您构建了一个客户端 - 服务器系统。尝试查看点对点系统，而不是每个节点都是平等的。为了构建聊天室，您可能会查看 DHT 节点。

Answer 3

您的第一个问题可能是由于默认情况下 python 套接字是阻塞的。这意味着，例如，在 line 上message = s.recv(1024)，您的程序将继续侦听，并且在收到某些内容之前不会继续执行脚本的其余部分。

如果您希望两个人能够同时接收和发送，您可能需要研究非阻塞套接字和一些异步编程。官方文档中的此操作方法可能对您有所帮助：https : //docs.python.org/2/howto/sockets.html#non-blocking-sockets