在单独的类中使用枚举

Question

我正在编写一种实现银行帐户的方法。很简单，我希望输出的是用户的姓名和帐户类型。但是，我在主课中使用时遇到了问题Enum。from enum import Enumclass AccountType(Enum):    SAVINGS = 1    CHECKING = 2#bank account classes that uses AccountTypeclass BankAccount():    def __init__(self, owner, accountType):        self.owner = owner        self.accountType = accountType    def __str__(self):        self.d = AccountType(1)        return "The owner of this account is {} and his account type is: {} ".format(self.owner, self.d)#test the codetest = BankAccount("Max", 1)print(test)输出The owner of this account is Max and his account type is: AccountType.SAVINGS所以这是所需的输出，但这仅在我对__str__方法 ( AccountType(1)) 中的帐户类型进行硬编码时才有效。为了澄清，我的意思是这一行：BankAccount("Max", 1)有没有办法做到这一点，如果我输入accountType1的BankAccount参数，它会返回The owner of this account is Max and his account type is: AccountType.SAVINGS

Answer 1

这只是一个猜测，因为我仍然不确定你在问什么。

from enum import Enum

class AccountType(Enum):

    SAVINGS = 1

    CHECKING = 2

#bank account classes that uses AccountType

class BankAccount:

    def __init__(self, owner, accountType):

        self.owner = owner

        self.accountType = accountType

    def __str__(self):

        return("The owner of this account is {} "

               "and his account type is: {} ".format(

                    self.owner, AccountType(self.accountType).name))

#test the code

test = BankAccount("Max", 1)

print(test)

test2 = BankAccount("Mark", 2)

print(test2)

输出：

The owner of this account is Max and his account type is: SAVINGS

The owner of this account is Mark and his account type is: CHECKING

这样你就不必硬编码任何东西或创建self.d属性，因为它不再需要。

Answer 2

您可以对硬编码的 1 in 应用__str__与accountTypein 相同的操作__init__：

self.accountType = AccountType(accountType)

即使您现在可以摆脱self.d并使用self.accountType，我还是建议不要在初始化中使用整数值：

test = BankAccount("Max", AccountType.SAVINGS)

这比使用幻数要清楚得多。更新__init__将接受枚举及其值。