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循环解析XML数据以在Python 3中创建多个对象

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一只斗牛犬 2021-05-07 14:12:20

我具有以下XML结构：<celestialBodies><stars> <star> <item name="Name">Sun</item> <item name="Distance from the Earth">100000</item> <item name="Size">9</item> <item name="Moons">A,B,C</item> <item name="Gravity">0.4</item> <item name="Elements Found">H, HE</item> <item name="Orbiting Time">15</item> <item name="Day Time">12</item> </star></stars><planets> <planet> <item name="Name">Mercury</item> <item name="Distance from the Earth">100000</item> <item name="Size">9</item> <item name="Moons">A,B,C</item> <item name="Gravity">0.4</item> <item name="Elements Found">H, HE, C</item> <item name="Orbiting Time">15</item> <item name="Day Time">12</item> </planet> <planet> <item name="Name">Venus</item> <item name="Distance from the Earth">100000</item> <item name="Size">9</item> <item name="Moons">A,B,C</item> <item name="Gravity">0.4</item> <item name="Elements Found">H, HE, C</item> <item name="Orbiting Time">15</item> <item name="Day Time">12</item> </planet></planet></planets> </celestialBodies>我想将它们中的每一个都读入Python 3中的一个创建的对象中。我有以下循环：# Create the solar systemcelestialBodies = list()for i in range(10): planet = Planet("Mercury", 1000000, 0.5, 0.1, ['Moon A', 'Moon B'], ['Hydrogen, Nitrogen'], 8, 0.15) celestialBodies.append(planet)但是如您所见，我希望自己以一种不错的方式从XML文件中获取数据，而不是自己对行星进行硬编码。因此，与其说“水星”，不如说它遍历树并将每个天体的值都输入变量中并创建对象。我无法理解的是XML阅读部分。不管我尝试了什么，我都无法遍历各个级别以将值读入变量。我已经尝试过BeautifulSoup，lxml，ET，但是没有运气。

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3 回答

炎炎设计

TA贡献1808条经验获得超4个赞

首先，您可以找到行星和恒星元素，将它们添加到列表中，然后从中选择第一个值。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

dump = ET.parse('planet_info.xml')

root = dump.getroot()

planet_name = star_name = planet_list = []

for content in root:

planet_name = content.findall("planet")

star_name = content.findall("star")

if planet_name:

for planet in planet_name:

planet_list.append(Planet(planet[0].text, planet[1].text, etc)

elif star_name:

for star in star_name:

planet_list.append(Planet(star[0].text, star[1].text, etc)

else:

print("Nothing")

反对回复 2021-05-18

收到一只叮咚

TA贡献1821条经验获得超4个赞

此代码使用etree起作用。您缺少一行仅返回item已name设置为某个值的元素的行。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

root = ET.parse(PATH_TO_YOUR_FILE)

planets = root.findall('./planets/planet')

planets_list = []

for planet in planets:

name = planet.find("./item[@name='Name']").text

d = planet.find("./item[@name='Distance from the Earth']").text

//...

planets_list.append(Planet(name, d, ...)

从这里您应该可以自己解决其余的问题。希望能帮助到你。

反对回复 2021-05-18

慕妹3242003

TA贡献1824条经验获得超6个赞

这是一种遍历该数据结构的简单方法。为了使代码保持独立，我直接从字符串而不是从文件读取XML。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

data = '''\

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<stars>

<star>

</star>

</stars>

<item name="Name">Mercury</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Venus</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Earth</item>

</planet>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Jupiter</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Saturn</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Uranus</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Neptune</item>

</planet>

<item name="Name">Pluto</item>

</planet>

</planets>

</celestialBodies>

'''

root = ET.fromstring(data)

for kind in root:

print(kind.tag)

for child in kind:

print(' '*2, child.tag)

for item in child:

print(' '*4, '{!r}: {!r}'.format(item.attrib['name'], item.text))

print()

输出

stars

star

'Name': 'Sun'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planets

planet

'Name': 'Mercury'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Venus'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Earth'

'Distance from the Earth': '0'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Mars'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Jupiter'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Saturn'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Uranus'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Neptune'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

planet

'Name': 'Pluto'

'Distance from the Earth': '100000'

'Size': '9'

'Moons': 'A,B,C'

'Gravity': '0.4'

'Elements Found': 'H, HE, C'

'Orbiting Time': '15'

'Day Time': '12'

这种变化将数据加载到包含两个列表的字典中，一个列表用于恒星，一个列表用于行星。这些列表中的每个列表都包含该类别中每个正文的字典。我们可以使用该json模块很好地打印数据。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

import json

root = ET.fromstring(data)

bodies = {}

for kind in root:

bodies[kind.tag] = bodylist = []

for child in kind:

bodylist.append({item.attrib['name']: item.text for item in child})

print(json.dumps(bodies, indent=4))

输出

{

"stars": [

{

"Name": "Sun",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

}

"planets": [

{

"Name": "Mercury",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Venus",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Earth",

"Distance from the Earth": "0",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Mars",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Jupiter",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Saturn",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Uranus",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Neptune",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

{

"Name": "Pluto",

"Distance from the Earth": "100000",

"Size": "9",

"Moons": "A,B,C",

"Gravity": "0.4",

"Elements Found": "H, HE, C",

"Orbiting Time": "15",

"Day Time": "12"

}

]

}

反对回复 2021-05-18

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循环解析XML数据以在Python 3中创建多个对象

循环解析XML数据以在Python 3中创建多个对象

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