2 回答
TA贡献1811条经验 获得超4个赞
看看这里的回答。
基本思想是您想要cpython.array.array和cpython.array.clone(不是 cython.array.*):
from cpython.array cimport array, clone
# This type is what you want and can be cast to things of
# the "double[:]" syntax, so no problems there
cdef array[double] armv, templatemv
templatemv = array('d')
# This is fast
armv = clone(templatemv, L, False)
编辑
事实证明,该线程中的基准是垃圾。这是我的设定,以及我的时间安排:
# cython: language_level=3
# cython: boundscheck=False
# cython: wraparound=False
import time
import sys
from cpython.array cimport array, clone
from cython.view cimport array as cvarray
from libc.stdlib cimport malloc, free
import numpy as numpy
cimport numpy as numpy
cdef int loops
def timefunc(name):
def timedecorator(f):
cdef int L, i
print("Running", name)
for L in [1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000]:
start = time.clock()
f(L)
end = time.clock()
print(format((end-start) / loops * 1e6, "2f"), end=" ")
sys.stdout.flush()
print("μs")
return timedecorator
print()
print("INITIALISATIONS")
loops = 100000
@timefunc("cpython.array buffer")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef array[double] arr, template = array('d')
for i in range(loops):
arr = clone(template, L, False)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
@timefunc("cpython.array memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr
cdef array template = array('d')
for i in range(loops):
arr = clone(template, L, False)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
@timefunc("cpython.array raw C type")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef array arr, template = array('d')
for i in range(loops):
arr = clone(template, L, False)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
@timefunc("numpy.empty_like memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr
template = numpy.empty((L,), dtype='double')
for i in range(loops):
arr = numpy.empty_like(template)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
@timefunc("malloc")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double* arrptr
for i in range(loops):
arrptr = <double*> malloc(sizeof(double) * L)
free(arrptr)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arrptr[0])
@timefunc("malloc memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double* arrptr
cdef double[::1] arr
for i in range(loops):
arrptr = <double*> malloc(sizeof(double) * L)
arr = <double[:L]>arrptr
free(arrptr)
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
@timefunc("cvarray memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr
for i in range(loops):
arr = cvarray((L,),sizeof(double),'d')
# Prevents dead code elimination
str(arr[0])
print()
print("ITERATING")
loops = 1000
@timefunc("cpython.array buffer")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef array[double] arr = clone(array('d'), L, False)
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("cpython.array memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr = clone(array('d'), L, False)
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("cpython.array raw C type")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef array arr = clone(array('d'), L, False)
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("numpy.empty_like memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr = numpy.empty((L,), dtype='double')
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("malloc")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double* arrptr = <double*> malloc(sizeof(double) * L)
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arrptr[i]
free(arrptr)
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("malloc memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double* arrptr = <double*> malloc(sizeof(double) * L)
cdef double[::1] arr = <double[:L]>arrptr
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
free(arrptr)
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
@timefunc("cvarray memoryview")
def _(int L):
cdef int i
cdef double[::1] arr = cvarray((L,),sizeof(double),'d')
cdef double d
for i in range(loops):
for i in range(L):
d = arr[i]
# Prevents dead-code elimination
str(d)
输出:
INITIALISATIONS
Running cpython.array buffer
0.100040 0.097140 0.133110 0.121820 0.131630 0.108420 0.112160 μs
Running cpython.array memoryview
0.339480 0.333240 0.378790 0.445720 0.449800 0.414280 0.414060 μs
Running cpython.array raw C type
0.048270 0.049250 0.069770 0.074140 0.076300 0.060980 0.060270 μs
Running numpy.empty_like memoryview
1.006200 1.012160 1.128540 1.212350 1.250270 1.235710 1.241050 μs
Running malloc
0.021850 0.022430 0.037240 0.046260 0.039570 0.043690 0.030720 μs
Running malloc memoryview
1.640200 1.648000 1.681310 1.769610 1.755540 1.804950 1.758150 μs
Running cvarray memoryview
1.332330 1.353910 1.358160 1.481150 1.517690 1.485600 1.490790 μs
ITERATING
Running cpython.array buffer
0.010000 0.027000 0.091000 0.669000 6.314000 64.389000 635.171000 μs
Running cpython.array memoryview
0.013000 0.015000 0.058000 0.354000 3.186000 33.062000 338.300000 μs
Running cpython.array raw C type
0.014000 0.146000 0.979000 9.501000 94.160000 916.073000 9287.079000 μs
Running numpy.empty_like memoryview
0.042000 0.020000 0.057000 0.352000 3.193000 34.474000 333.089000 μs
Running malloc
0.002000 0.004000 0.064000 0.367000 3.599000 32.712000 323.858000 μs
Running malloc memoryview
0.019000 0.032000 0.070000 0.356000 3.194000 32.100000 327.929000 μs
Running cvarray memoryview
0.014000 0.026000 0.063000 0.351000 3.209000 32.013000 327.890000 μs
(之所以使用“迭代”基准,是因为某些方法在这方面具有令人惊讶的不同特征。)
按照初始化速度的顺序:
malloc:这是一个严酷的世界,但是很快。如果您需要分配很多东西并且具有不受阻碍的迭代和索引性能,那就必须如此。但通常情况下,您是个不错的选择。
cpython.array raw C type:该死,很快。而且很安全。不幸的是,它通过Python来访问其数据字段。您可以使用一个绝妙的技巧来避免这种情况:
arr.data.as_doubles[i]
在确保安全的同时,使其达到标准速度!这使它成为的绝妙替代品malloc,基本上是一个参考计数很高的版本!
cpython.array buffer:只需3到4倍的设置时间即可进入malloc,这看起来是个不错的选择。不幸的是,它具有大量的开销(尽管与boundscheckand wraparound指令相比很小)。这意味着它只能与完全安全的变体竞争,但它是初始化速度最快的变体。你的选择。
cpython.array memoryview:这比malloc初始化要慢一个数量级。太可惜了,但是迭代的速度一样快。这是我建议的标准解决方案,除非boundscheck或wraparound启用(在这种情况下cpython.array buffer可能是更引人注目的折衷方案)。
其余的部分。numpy由于对象具有许多有趣的方法,因此唯一有价值的东西是。就是这样。
TA贡献1773条经验 获得超3个赞
作为Veedrac答案的后续行动:请注意,使用python 2.7 的memoryview支持cpython.array似乎导致当前内存泄漏。这似乎是一个长期存在的问题,因为它是在用Cython用户邮件列表中提到这里从2012年11月后运行Veedrac与用Cython版本0.22的基准通货与两个的Python 2.7.6和Python 2.7.9通向cpython.array使用buffer或memoryview接口初始化a时,大内存泄漏。使用Python 3.4运行脚本时,不会发生内存泄漏。我已经将此问题报告给Cython开发人员邮件列表。
添加回答
举报