在Matplotlib中绘制一个3d立方体，球体和矢量

Question

我使用Matplotlib搜索如何用尽可能少的指令绘制内容但我在文档中找不到任何帮助。我想绘制以下内容：线框立方体，以0为中心，边长为2“线框”球体，以0为中心，半径为1坐标[0,0,0]处的一个点从这一点开始并转到[1,1,1]的向量怎么做？

Answer 1

它有点复杂，但您可以通过以下代码绘制所有对象：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

from itertools import product, combinations

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.set_aspect("equal")

# draw cube

r = [-1, 1]

for s, e in combinations(np.array(list(product(r, r, r))), 2):

    if np.sum(np.abs(s-e)) == r[1]-r[0]:

        ax.plot3D(*zip(s, e), color="b")

# draw sphere

u, v = np.mgrid[0:2*np.pi:20j, 0:np.pi:10j]

x = np.cos(u)*np.sin(v)

y = np.sin(u)*np.sin(v)

z = np.cos(v)

ax.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, color="r")

# draw a point

ax.scatter([0], [0], [0], color="g", s=100)

# draw a vector

from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d

class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):

    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):

        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0, 0), (0, 0), *args, **kwargs)

        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs

    def draw(self, renderer):

        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d

        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)

        self.set_positions((xs[0], ys[0]), (xs[1], ys[1]))

        FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer)

a = Arrow3D([0, 1], [0, 1], [0, 1], mutation_scale=20,

            lw=1, arrowstyle="-|>", color="k")

ax.add_artist(a)

plt.show()