Python请求requests.exceptions.SSLError：[Errno 8]

Question

我在Ubuntu 12.10上使用OpenSSL 1.0.1c，python 2.7.3，请求 1.0.3和1.0.4（尝试过两者），并尝试使用以下代码连接到url变量中的网站。def SendInitialRequest(xmlmessage, redirecturl):    url = 'https://centineltest.cardinalcommerce.com/maps/txns.asp'    payload = 'cmpi_msg=' + ET.tostring(xmlmessage)    headers = {        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',    }    r = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=headers, verify=None)    print r.text它会引发以下错误：Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  File "clams/libs/centinel/thinclient.py", line 134, in SendInitialRequest    r = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=headers, verify=None)  File "/home/jasonamyers/.virtualenv/clams/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 87, in post    return request('post', url, data=data, **kwargs)  File "/home/jasonamyers/.virtualenv/clams/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 44, in request    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)  File "/home/jasonamyers/.virtualenv/clams/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 269, in request    resp = self.send(prep, stream=stream, timeout=timeout, verify=verify, cert=cert, proxies=proxies)  File "/home/jasonamyers/.virtualenv/clams/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 364, in send    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)  File "/home/jasonamyers/.virtualenv/clams/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 163, in send    raise SSLError(e)requests.exceptions.SSLError: [Errno 8] _ssl.c:504: EOF occurred in violation of protocol尝试使用openssl连接会返回以下内容：$ openssl s_client -connect centineltest.cardinalcommerce.com:443CONNECTED(00000003)140019346777760:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:177:---no peer certificate available---No client certificate CA names sent---SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 226 bytes---New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supportedCompression: NONEExpansion: NONE---

Answer 1

从请求问题页面将此处重新发布给其他人：

请求'不支持在版本1之前执行此操作。在版本1之后，您应该继承HTTPAdapter，如下所示：

from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter

from requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager

import ssl

class MyAdapter(HTTPAdapter):

    def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=False):

        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(num_pools=connections,

                                       maxsize=maxsize,

                                       block=block,

                                       ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)

完成后，您可以这样做：

import requests

s = requests.Session()

s.mount('https://', MyAdapter())

然后，通过该会话对象的任何请求都将使用TLSv1。

Answer 2

安装“安全”软件包附加功能requests为我解决：

sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

sudo pip install -U requests [security]