令人费解的Enumerable.Cast InvalidCastException以下抛出一个InvalidCastException。IEnumerable<int> list = new List<int>() { 1 };IEnumerable<long> castedList = list.Cast<long>();Console.WriteLine(castedList.First());为什么?我正在使用Visual Studio 2008 SP1。
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牛魔王的故事
TA贡献1830条经验 获得超3个赞
下面是解决所有List<T>
和Enumerable<T>
转换问题。〜150行代码
确保为所涉及的输入/输出类型定义至少一个显式或隐式转换运算符(如果不存在),就像你应该做的那样!
using System;using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Reflection;namespace System.Collections.Generic //purposely in same namespace as List<T>,IEnumerable<T>, so extension methods are available with them{ public static class Enumerable { public static List<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput,TOutput>( this IEnumerable<TInput> input ) { return BuildConvertedList<TInput,TOutput>( input, GetConverterDelegate<TInput,TOutput>() ); } public static IEnumerable<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput,TOutput>( this IEnumerable<TInput> input, bool lazy ) { if (lazy) return new LazyConverter<TInput,TOutput>( input, GetConverterDelegate<TInput,TOutput>() ); return BuildConvertedList<TInput,TOutput>( input, GetConverterDelegate<TInput,TOutput>() ); } public static List<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput,TOutput>( this IEnumerable<TInput> input, Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter ) { return BuildConvertedList<TInput,TOutput>( input, converter ); } public static List<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput, TOutput>( this List<TInput> input ) { Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter = GetConverterDelegate<TInput,TOutput>(); return input.ConvertAll<TOutput>( converter ); } public static IEnumerable<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput, TOutput>( this List<TInput> input, Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter, bool lazy ) { if (lazy) return new LazyConverter<TInput, TOutput>( input, converter ); return input.ConvertAll<TOutput>( converter ); } public static List<TOutput> ConvertAll<TInput, TOutput>( this List<TInput> input, Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter ) { return input.ConvertAll<TOutput>( converter ); } //Used to manually build converted list when input is IEnumerable, since it doesn't have the ConvertAll method like the List does private static List<TOutput> BuildConvertedList<TInput,TOutput>( IEnumerable<TInput> input, Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter ){ List<TOutput> output = new List<TOutput>(); foreach (TInput input_item in input) output.Add( converter( input_item ) ); return output; } private sealed class LazyConverter<TInput, TOutput>: IEnumerable<TOutput>, IEnumerator<TOutput> { private readonly IEnumerable<TInput> input; private readonly Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter; private readonly IEnumerator<TInput> input_enumerator; public LazyConverter( IEnumerable<TInput> input, Converter<TInput, TOutput> converter ) { this.input = input; this.converter = converter; this.input_enumerator = input.GetEnumerator(); } public IEnumerator<TOutput> GetEnumerator() {return this;} //IEnumerable<TOutput> Member IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() {return this;} //IEnumerable Member public void Dispose() {input_enumerator.Dispose();} //IDisposable Member public TOutput Current {get {return converter.Invoke( input_enumerator.Current );}} //IEnumerator<TOutput> Member object IEnumerator.Current {get {return Current;}} //IEnumerator Member public bool MoveNext() {return input_enumerator.MoveNext();} //IEnumerator Member public void Reset() {input_enumerator.Reset();} //IEnumerator Member } private sealed class TypeConversionPair: IEquatable<TypeConversionPair> { public readonly Type source_type; public readonly Type target_type; private readonly int hashcode; public TypeConversionPair( Type source_type, Type target_type ) { this.source_type = source_type; this.target_type = target_type; //precalc/store hash, since object is immutable; add one to source hash so reversing the source and target still produces unique hash hashcode = (source_type.GetHashCode() + 1) ^ target_type.GetHashCode(); } public static bool operator ==( TypeConversionPair x, TypeConversionPair y ) { if ((object)x != null) return x.Equals( y ); if ((object)y != null) return y.Equals( x ); return true; //x and y are both null, cast to object above ensures reference equality comparison } public static bool operator !=( TypeConversionPair x, TypeConversionPair y ) { if ((object)x != null) return !x.Equals( y ); if ((object)y != null) return !y.Equals( x ); return false; //x and y are both null, cast to object above ensures reference equality comparison } //TypeConversionPairs are equal when their source and target types are equal public bool Equals( TypeConversionPair other ) { if ((object)other == null) return false; //cast to object ensures reference equality comparison return source_type == other.source_type && target_type == other.target_type; } public override bool Equals( object obj ) { TypeConversionPair other = obj as TypeConversionPair; if ((object)other != null) return Equals( other ); //call IEqualityComparer<TypeConversionPair> implementation if obj type is TypeConversionPair return false; //obj is null or is not of type TypeConversionPair; Equals shall not throw errors! } public override int GetHashCode() {return hashcode;} //assigned in constructor; object is immutable } private static readonly Dictionary<TypeConversionPair,Delegate> conversion_op_cache = new Dictionary<TypeConversionPair,Delegate>(); //Uses reflection to find and create a Converter<TInput, TOutput> delegate for the given types. //Once a delegate is obtained, it is cached, so further requests for the delegate do not use reflection* //(*the typeof operator is used twice to look up the type pairs in the cache) public static Converter<TInput, TOutput> GetConverterDelegate<TInput, TOutput>() { Delegate converter; TypeConversionPair type_pair = new TypeConversionPair( typeof(TInput), typeof(TOutput) ); //Attempt to quickly find a cached conversion delegate. lock (conversion_op_cache) //synchronize with concurrent calls to Add if (conversion_op_cache.TryGetValue( type_pair, out converter )) return (Converter<TInput, TOutput>)converter; //Get potential conversion operators (target-type methods are ordered first) MethodInfo[][] conversion_op_sets = new MethodInfo[2][] { type_pair.target_type.GetMethods( BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy ), type_pair.source_type.GetMethods( BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy ) }; //Find appropriate conversion operator, //favoring operators on target type in case functionally equivalent operators exist, //since the target type's conversion operator may have access to an appropriate constructor //or a common instance cache (i.e. immutable objects may be cached and reused). for (int s = 0; s < conversion_op_sets.Length; s++) { MethodInfo[] conversion_ops = conversion_op_sets[s]; for (int m = 0; m < conversion_ops.Length; m++) { MethodInfo mi = conversion_ops[m]; if ((mi.Name == "op_Explicit" || mi.Name == "op_Implicit") && mi.ReturnType == type_pair.target_type && mi.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType.IsAssignableFrom( type_pair.source_type )) //Assuming op_Explicit and op_Implicit always have exactly one parameter. { converter = Delegate.CreateDelegate( typeof(Converter<TInput, TOutput>), mi ); lock (conversion_op_cache) //synchronize with concurrent calls to TryGetValue conversion_op_cache.Add( type_pair, converter ); //Cache the conversion operator reference for future use. return (Converter<TInput, TOutput>)converter; } } } return (TInput x) => ((TOutput)Convert.ChangeType( x, typeof(TOutput) )); //this works well in the absence of conversion operators for types that implement IConvertible //throw new InvalidCastException( "Could not find conversion operator to convert " + type_pair.source_type.FullName + " to " + type_pair.target_type.FullName + "." ); } }}
样品用途:
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<string> list = new List<string>(new string[] { "abcde", "abcd", "abc"/*will break length constraint*/, "ab", "a" }); //Uncomment line below to see non-lazy behavior. All items converted before method returns, and will fail on third item, which breaks the length constraint. //List<ConstrainedString> constrained_list = list.ConvertAll<string,ConstrainedString>(); IEnumerable<ConstrainedString> constrained_list = list.ConvertAll<string,ConstrainedString>( true ); //lazy conversion; conversion is not attempted until that item is read foreach (ConstrainedString constrained_string in constrained_list) //will not fail until the third list item is read/converted System.Console.WriteLine( constrained_string.ToString() ); } public class ConstrainedString { private readonly string value; public ConstrainedString( string value ){this.value = Constrain(value);} public string Constrain( string value ) { if (value.Length > 3) return value; throw new ArgumentException("String length must be > 3!"); } public static explicit operator ConstrainedString( string value ){return new ConstrainedString( value );} public override string ToString() {return value;} } }}
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