如何使用javascript HTML5画布通过N个点绘制平滑曲线?对于绘图应用程序,我将鼠标移动坐标保存到数组,然后使用lineTo绘制它们。生成的线条不平滑。如何在所有聚集点之间生成单条曲线?我用谷歌搜索但我只找到了3个绘制线的函数:对于2个样本点,只需使用lineTo。对于3个样本点,quadraticCurveTo,对于4个样本点,bezierCurveTo。(我尝试在阵列中每4个点绘制一个bezierCurveTo,但这会导致每4个采样点扭结,而不是连续的平滑曲线。)如何编写一个函数来绘制一个包含5个样本点的平滑曲线?
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千万里不及你
TA贡献1784条经验 获得超9个赞
有点晚了,但是为了记录。
您可以通过使用基数样条线(也称为规范样条线)绘制穿过点的平滑曲线来实现平滑线条。
我为画布制作了这个功能 - 它分为三个功能,以增加多功能性。主包装函数如下所示:
function drawCurve(ctx, ptsa, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments, showPoints) { showPoints = showPoints ? showPoints : false; ctx.beginPath(); drawLines(ctx, getCurvePoints(ptsa, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments)); if (showPoints) { ctx.stroke(); ctx.beginPath(); for(var i=0;i<ptsa.length-1;i+=2) ctx.rect(ptsa[i] - 2, ptsa[i+1] - 2, 4, 4); }}
绘制曲线的数组中包含x,y点的顺序:x1,y1, x2,y2, ...xn,yn
。
像这样使用它:
var myPoints = [10,10, 40,30, 100,10]; //minimum two pointsvar tension = 1;drawCurve(ctx, myPoints); //default tension=0.5drawCurve(ctx, myPoints, tension);
上面的函数调用两个子函数,一个用于计算平滑点。这将返回一个带有新点的数组 - 这是计算平滑点的核心函数:
function getCurvePoints(pts, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments) { // use input value if provided, or use a default value tension = (typeof tension != 'undefined') ? tension : 0.5; isClosed = isClosed ? isClosed : false; numOfSegments = numOfSegments ? numOfSegments : 16; var _pts = [], res = [], // clone array x, y, // our x,y coords t1x, t2x, t1y, t2y, // tension vectors c1, c2, c3, c4, // cardinal points st, t, i; // steps based on num. of segments // clone array so we don't change the original // _pts = pts.slice(0); // The algorithm require a previous and next point to the actual point array. // Check if we will draw closed or open curve. // If closed, copy end points to beginning and first points to end // If open, duplicate first points to befinning, end points to end if (isClosed) { _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 1]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 2]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 1]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 2]); _pts.push(pts[0]); _pts.push(pts[1]); } else { _pts.unshift(pts[1]); //copy 1. point and insert at beginning _pts.unshift(pts[0]); _pts.push(pts[pts.length - 2]); //copy last point and append _pts.push(pts[pts.length - 1]); } // ok, lets start.. // 1. loop goes through point array // 2. loop goes through each segment between the 2 pts + 1e point before and after for (i=2; i < (_pts.length - 4); i+=2) { for (t=0; t <= numOfSegments; t++) { // calc tension vectors t1x = (_pts[i+2] - _pts[i-2]) * tension; t2x = (_pts[i+4] - _pts[i]) * tension; t1y = (_pts[i+3] - _pts[i-1]) * tension; t2y = (_pts[i+5] - _pts[i+1]) * tension; // calc step st = t / numOfSegments; // calc cardinals c1 = 2 * Math.pow(st, 3) - 3 * Math.pow(st, 2) + 1; c2 = -(2 * Math.pow(st, 3)) + 3 * Math.pow(st, 2); c3 = Math.pow(st, 3) - 2 * Math.pow(st, 2) + st; c4 = Math.pow(st, 3) - Math.pow(st, 2); // calc x and y cords with common control vectors x = c1 * _pts[i] + c2 * _pts[i+2] + c3 * t1x + c4 * t2x; y = c1 * _pts[i+1] + c2 * _pts[i+3] + c3 * t1y + c4 * t2y; //store points in array res.push(x); res.push(y); } } return res;}
实际绘制点作为平滑曲线(或任何其他分段线,只要你有一个x,y数组):
function drawLines(ctx, pts) { ctx.moveTo(pts[0], pts[1]); for(i=2;i<pts.length-1;i+=2) ctx.lineTo(pts[i], pts[i+1]);}
var ctx = document.getElementById("c").getContext("2d");function drawCurve(ctx, ptsa, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments, showPoints) { ctx.beginPath(); drawLines(ctx, getCurvePoints(ptsa, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments)); if (showPoints) { ctx.beginPath(); for(var i=0;i<ptsa.length-1;i+=2) ctx.rect(ptsa[i] - 2, ptsa[i+1] - 2, 4, 4); } ctx.stroke();}var myPoints = [10,10, 40,30, 100,10, 200, 100, 200, 50, 250, 120]; //minimum two pointsvar tension = 1;drawCurve(ctx, myPoints); //default tension=0.5drawCurve(ctx, myPoints, tension);function getCurvePoints(pts, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments) { // use input value if provided, or use a default value tension = (typeof tension != 'undefined') ? tension : 0.5; isClosed = isClosed ? isClosed : false; numOfSegments = numOfSegments ? numOfSegments : 16; var _pts = [], res = [], // clone array x, y, // our x,y coords t1x, t2x, t1y, t2y, // tension vectors c1, c2, c3, c4, // cardinal points st, t, i; // steps based on num. of segments // clone array so we don't change the original // _pts = pts.slice(0); // The algorithm require a previous and next point to the actual point array. // Check if we will draw closed or open curve. // If closed, copy end points to beginning and first points to end // If open, duplicate first points to befinning, end points to end if (isClosed) { _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 1]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 2]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 1]); _pts.unshift(pts[pts.length - 2]); _pts.push(pts[0]); _pts.push(pts[1]); } else { _pts.unshift(pts[1]); //copy 1. point and insert at beginning _pts.unshift(pts[0]); _pts.push(pts[pts.length - 2]); //copy last point and append _pts.push(pts[pts.length - 1]); } // ok, lets start.. // 1. loop goes through point array // 2. loop goes through each segment between the 2 pts + 1e point before and after for (i=2; i < (_pts.length - 4); i+=2) { for (t=0; t <= numOfSegments; t++) { // calc tension vectors t1x = (_pts[i+2] - _pts[i-2]) * tension; t2x = (_pts[i+4] - _pts[i]) * tension; t1y = (_pts[i+3] - _pts[i-1]) * tension; t2y = (_pts[i+5] - _pts[i+1]) * tension; // calc step st = t / numOfSegments; // calc cardinals c1 = 2 * Math.pow(st, 3) - 3 * Math.pow(st, 2) + 1; c2 = -(2 * Math.pow(st, 3)) + 3 * Math.pow(st, 2); c3 = Math.pow(st, 3) - 2 * Math.pow(st, 2) + st; c4 = Math.pow(st, 3) - Math.pow(st, 2); // calc x and y cords with common control vectors x = c1 * _pts[i] + c2 * _pts[i+2] + c3 * t1x + c4 * t2x; y = c1 * _pts[i+1] + c2 * _pts[i+3] + c3 * t1y + c4 * t2y; //store points in array res.push(x); res.push(y); } } return res;}function drawLines(ctx, pts) { ctx.moveTo(pts[0], pts[1]); for(i=2;i<pts.length-1;i+=2) ctx.lineTo(pts[i], pts[i+1]);}
canvas { border: 1px solid red; }
<canvas id="c"><canvas>
This results in this:
You can easily extend the canvas so you can call it like this instead:
ctx.drawCurve(myPoints);
Add the following to the javascript:
if (CanvasRenderingContext2D != 'undefined') { CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.drawCurve = function(pts, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments, showPoints) { drawCurve(this, pts, tension, isClosed, numOfSegments, showPoints)}}
You can find a more optimized version of this on NPM (npm i cardinal-spline-js
) or on GitLab.
湖上湖
TA贡献2003条经验 获得超2个赞
第一个答案不会通过所有要点。该图将精确地通过所有点,并且将是一个完美的曲线,其中点作为点[[x:,y:}] n这样的点。
var points = [{x:1,y:1},{x:2,y:3},{x:3,y:4},{x:4,y:2},{x:5,y:6}] //took 5 example pointsctx.moveTo((points[0].x), points[0].y);for(var i = 0; i < points.length-1; i ++){ var x_mid = (points[i].x + points[i+1].x) / 2; var y_mid = (points[i].y + points[i+1].y) / 2; var cp_x1 = (x_mid + points[i].x) / 2; var cp_x2 = (x_mid + points[i+1].x) / 2; ctx.quadraticCurveTo(cp_x1,points[i].y ,x_mid, y_mid); ctx.quadraticCurveTo(cp_x2,points[i+1].y ,points[i+1].x,points[i+1].y);}
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