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TA贡献1796条经验 获得超4个赞
它非常简单:
a[start:stop] # items start through stop-1
a[start:] # items start through the rest of the array
a[:stop] # items from the beginning through stop-1
a[:] # a copy of the whole array
还有step值,可以与上述任何一个一起使用:
a[start:stop:step] # start through not past stop, by step
要记住的关键点是该:stop值表示不在所选切片中的第一个值。所以,之间的差stop和start是选择的元素的数量(如果step是1,默认值)。
另一个特征是start或stop可能是负数,这意味着它从数组的末尾而不是从开头开始计数。所以:
a[-1] # last item in the array
a[-2:] # last two items in the array
a[:-2] # everything except the last two items
同样,step可能是负数:
a[::-1] # all items in the array, reversed
a[1::-1] # the first two items, reversed
a[:-3:-1] # the last two items, reversed
a[-3::-1] # everything except the last two items, reversed
如果项目少于您的要求,Python对程序员很友好。例如,如果您要求a[:-2]并且a只包含一个元素,则会得到一个空列表而不是错误。有时您会更喜欢错误,因此您必须意识到这可能会发生。
与slice()对象的关系
切片运算符[]实际上在上面的代码中使用了一个slice()使用:符号的对象(只在其中有效[]),即:
a[start:stop:step]
相当于:
a[slice(start, stop, step)]
切片对象也表现略有不同,这取决于参数的个数,同样range(),即两个slice(stop)和slice(start, stop[, step])支持。要跳过指定给定的参数,可以使用None,以便例如a[start:]等同于a[slice(start, None)]或a[::-1]等同于a[slice(None, None, -1)]。
虽然:基于符号的表示法对于简单切片非常有用,但显式使用slice()对象简化了切片的编程生成。
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TA贡献2041条经验 获得超4个赞
列举语法允许的可能性:
>>> seq[:] # [seq[0], seq[1], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[low:] # [seq[low], seq[low+1], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[:high] # [seq[0], seq[1], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[low:high] # [seq[low], seq[low+1], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[::stride] # [seq[0], seq[stride], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[low::stride] # [seq[low], seq[low+stride], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[:high:stride] # [seq[0], seq[stride], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[low:high:stride] # [seq[low], seq[low+stride], ..., seq[high-1]]
当然,如果(high-low)%stride != 0,那么终点将会略低于high-1。
如果stride是负数,则排序会因为我们倒计时而改变一点:
>>> seq[::-stride] # [seq[-1], seq[-1-stride], ..., seq[0] ]
>>> seq[high::-stride] # [seq[high], seq[high-stride], ..., seq[0] ]
>>> seq[:low:-stride] # [seq[-1], seq[-1-stride], ..., seq[low+1]]
>>> seq[high:low:-stride] # [seq[high], seq[high-stride], ..., seq[low+1]]
扩展切片(带逗号和省略号)主要仅由特殊数据结构(如NumPy)使用; 基本序列不支持它们。
>>> class slicee:
... def __getitem__(self, item):
... return repr(item)
...
>>> slicee()[0, 1:2, ::5, ...]
'(0, slice(1, 2, None), slice(None, None, 5), Ellipsis)'
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