首页手记 Docker常用指令（操作镜像、操作容器）

Docker常用指令（操作镜像、操作容器）

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Docker

操作镜像

搜索镜像

docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Options:
-f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
  --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
  --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
  --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
# e.g
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx --limit 5
NAME                                     DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                                    Official build of Nginx.                        9370                [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                      Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1388                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm                  Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   609                                     [OK]
jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion   LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p…   396                                     [OK]
bitnami/nginx                            Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      57                                      [OK]

获取镜像

docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Options:
-a, --all-tags                下载所有版本的镜像
  --disable-content-trust   跳过镜像验证 (default true)
# e.g
docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
# 默认下载最新稳定版本

列出镜像

docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

删除本地镜像

docker image rm [选项] <镜像1> [<镜像2> ...]
Options:
-a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
  --digests         Show digests
-f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
  --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
  --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs

构建镜像

1、创建文本文件并命名为Dockerfile

2、编写内容（以nginx为例）

FROM nginx
RUN echo '<h1>hello world</h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

3、编译
```
docker build -t nginx:v1 .
```

4、查看制作好的镜像

docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               v1                  bc19667caea3        6 seconds ago       109MB
nginx               latest              c82521676580        4 weeks ago         109MB

5、运行制作好的镜像

docker run --name web2 -d -p 81:80 nginx:v1

6、Dockerfile指令

#FROM：指定基础镜像
#RUN：执行命令（shell格式、exec格式）
#COPY：复制文件
#ADD：更高级的复制文件
#CMD：容器启动命令
#ENTRYPOINT：入口点
#ENV：设置环境变量
#ARG：构建参数
#VOLUME：定义匿名卷
#EXPOSE：声明端口
#WORKDIR：指定工作目录
#USER：指定当前用户
#HEALTHCHECK 健康检查

操作Docker容器

启动容器

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Options:
  --add-host list                  添加自定义主机到ip映射(主机:ip)
-a, --attach list                    附加到STDIN、STDOUT或STDERR上
  --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
  --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
  --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
  --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
  --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
  --cidfile string                 将容器ID写入文件
  --cpu-period int                 限制CPU CFS(完全公平调度程序)周期
  --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
  --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU 共享 (相对权重)
  --cpus decimal                   CPU的数量
  --cpuset-cpus string             允许执行的cpu (0-3, 0,1)
  --cpuset-mems string             允许执行的MEMs (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach                         在后台运行容器并打印容器ID
  --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  --device list                    Add a host device to the container
  --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
  --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
  --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
  --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
  --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
  --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
  --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
  --dns-option list                Set DNS options
  --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
  --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list                       Set environment variables
  --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
  --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
  --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
  --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
  --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
  --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
  --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries
                                   countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
  --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
  --help                           Print usage
-h, --hostname string                Container host name
  --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
  --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
  --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
  --isolation string               Container isolation technology
  --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
  --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
  --link list                      Add link to another container
  --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
  --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
  --log-opt list                   Log driver options
  --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
  --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
  --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
  --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
  --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
  --name string                    Assign a name to the container
  --network string                 Connect a container to a network (default "default")
  --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
  --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
  --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
  --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
  --pid string                     PID namespace to use
  --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
  --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list                   将容器的端口映射到主机（主机端口:容器端口）
-P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
  --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
  --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
  --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
  --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
  --security-opt list              Security Options
  --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
  --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
  --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
  --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
  --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
  --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
  --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  --userns string                  User namespace to use
  --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list                    绑定挂载卷
  --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
  --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container
# 示例
docker  run ubuntu:14.04 /bin/echo 'hello docker'
hello docker
docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
# -t 选项表示让Docker分配一个伪终端并绑定到容器的标准输入上
# -i 则让容器的标准输入保持打开

获取运行中的容器

docker ps [OPTIONS]
Options:
-a, --all             显示全部容器（默认只显示运行中的容器）
-f, --filter filter   根据提供的条件过滤输出
  --format string   使用Go模板打印格式化后的容器信息
-n, --last int        显示最后创建的容器(包括所有状态)(默认全部)
-l, --latest          显示最新创建的容器(包括所有状态)
  --no-trunc        不截断输出
-q, --quiet           只显示容器ID
-s, --size            显示文件大小

获取容器的输出信息

docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Options:
 --details        显示提供给日志的额外细节
-f, --follow        在终端跟踪日志输出
  --since string   显示时间戳之后的日志(例如2013-01-02T13:23:37)或相对日志(例如42m, 42分钟)
  --tail string    从日志末尾显示的行数(默认为“all”)
-t, --timestamps     显示时间戳
  --until string    显示时间戳之前的日志(例如2013-01-02T13:23:37)或相对日志(例如42m, 42分钟)

停止容器

docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Options:
-t, --time int   在停止之前等待几秒钟(默认10秒)

启动容器

docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Options:
-a, --attach               Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
  --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-i, --interactive          Attach container's STDIN

重新启动容器

docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Options:
-t, --time int   在停止之前等待几秒钟(默认10秒)

进入容器

docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Options:
-d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
  --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-e, --env list             Set environment variables
-i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
-t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user string          Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
-w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container

删除容器

docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Options:
-f, --force     删除运行中的容器
-l, --link      Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes   Remove the volumes associated with the container
# 清洗所有处于终止状态的容器
docker container prune

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