前言
iOS开发中,很多情况下会使用到通知,通知的好处很多,但是也有很多坑点,一旦没有管理好,就会造成很多莫名其妙的bug。既然通知使用不当很容易出现问题,那有没有什么办法来避免?经过思考后,决定使用block回调的方式来实现通知,并且避免掉通知的弊端。
原理
参考通知原理,采用单例全局管理,单例持有一个字典,字典中储存所有添加的block,在调用block的时候从字典中取出对应的block调用。通知原理参考--->>深入理解iOS NSNotification
1.完整的单例创建
单例创建需要考虑到各种初始化方法以及拷贝,还有线程安全。具体参考--->>完整单例模式写法
2.保证观察者生命周期不受单例影响
因为是单例持有的字典,就会造成block得不到释放,从而引起一系列问题。这里采用NSMapTable
来储存block,NSMapTable
使用强引用key,弱引用value,这样做的好处在于,当其中储存的对象销毁后,会自动从NSMapTable
移除。使用NSMapTable
可以保证生命周期不受单例影响。具体参考--->>Cocoa 集合类型:NSPointerArray,NSMapTable,NSHashTable
3.观察者和block绑定
为了使用简单,并且保证block生命周期和观察者一样,使用RunTime
动态绑定,将block和观察者绑定起来。具体参考--->>iOS Runtime详解
4.保证一个对象只添加一次观察者
多次添加观察者会造成调用的时候响应多次,这里采用对象内存地址和标识符作为字典的key,保证一个对象只添加一次。
5.多线程安全
这里采用GCD信号量来保证线程安全,具体参考--->>GCD信号量
6.block循环引用
对于block循环引用,这里采用回调观察者替代self,保证不会循环引用,具体参考--->>Block循环引用详解
代码
上面讲解的就是整个项目实现的关键点,这里贴出具体代码。
CLActionManager.h实现代码
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CLActionType) { CLActionColorChange,///<颜色变化 CLActionTextChange,///<文字变化 CLActionImageChange,///<图片变化};@interface CLActionManager : NSObject/* 所有响应block生命周期和观察者对象生命周期一样,一个对象多次添加同一类型或者同一标识符的观察者,只会添加最后一次,响应的block回掉会随着观察者对象销毁自动销毁,建议使用枚举管理所有标识符 *//** 根据类型添加观察者 @param observer 观察者 @param actionType 响应类型 @param block 数据回掉 */+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer actionType:(CLActionType)actionType mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block;/** 根据类型调用 @param dictionary 数据 @param actionType 响应类型 */+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary actionType:(CLActionType)actionType;//------------------------------------字符串作为唯一标识符,内部已经处理,不会和上面枚举方式冲突-------------------------------------/** 根据标识符添加观察者 @param observer 观察者 @param identifier 标识 @param mainThread 是否在主线程回掉 @param block 数据回掉 */+ (void)addObserver:(id)observer identifier:(NSString *)identifier mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block;/** 根据标识符调用 @param dictionary 数据 @param identifier 标识符 */+ (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary identifier:(NSString *)identifier;
CLActionManager.m实现代码
#import "CLActionManager.h"#import <objc/message.h>static void *CLActionBlock = "CLActionBlock";static void *CLActionMainThread = "CLActionMainThread";static void *CLActionMethodType = "CLActionMethodType";@interface CLActionManager ()/*弱引用字典*/@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMapTable *mapTable;/*信号量*/@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore;@end@implementation CLActionManager//第1步: 存储唯一实例static CLActionManager *_manager = nil;//第2步: 分配内存空间时都会调用这个方法. 保证分配内存alloc时都相同.+(id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{ //调用dispatch_once保证在多线程中也只被实例化一次 static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _manager = [super allocWithZone:zone]; }); return _manager; }//第3步: 保证init初始化时都相同+(instancetype)sharedManager{ return [[self alloc] init]; } -(id)init{ static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _manager = [super init]; //弱引用value,强引用key self.mapTable = [NSMapTable mapTableWithKeyOptions:NSMapTableStrongMemory valueOptions:NSMapTableWeakMemory]; //信号 self.semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0); dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.semaphore); }); return _manager; }//第4步: 保证copy时都相同-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone __unused*)zone{ return _manager; }//第五步: 保证mutableCopy时相同- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone __unused*)zone{ return _manager; } + (void)addObserver:(id)observer actionType:(CLActionType)actionType mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block { //增加信号保证线程安全 dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //动态设置block objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionBlock, block, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); //动态设置是否主线程 objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMainThread, [NSNumber numberWithBool:mainThread], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); //动态设置方法类型,用于保障监听和调用方式成对,互不干扰 objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMethodType, [NSNumber numberWithBool:1], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); //内存地址+key,使用内存地址保证一个对象只监听一次,key保证是同一类型 NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@-%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%p",observer], [self keyWithActionType:actionType]]; //添加到字典 [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable setObject:observer forKey:key]; dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore); } + (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary actionType:(CLActionType)actionType { dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //key数组 NSArray<NSString *> *keyArray = [[[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable keyEnumerator] allObjects]; //遍历查找所有key [keyArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString * _Nonnull key, NSUInteger __unused idx, BOOL * _Nonnull __unused stop) { //找出对应类型的观察者 if ([key containsString:[self keyWithActionType:actionType]]) { id observer = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable objectForKey:key]; //取出block void(^block)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary) = objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionBlock); BOOL mainThread = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMainThread) boolValue]; BOOL actionMethod = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMethodType) isEqualToNumber:@1]; //block存在并且是对应方法添加,调用block if (block && actionMethod) { if (mainThread) { //主线程 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ block(observer, dictionary); }); }else { //子线程 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ block(observer, dictionary); }); } } } }]; dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore); } + (NSString *)keyWithActionType:(CLActionType)actionType { NSString *key; switch (actionType) { case CLActionTextChange: key = @"CLActionTextChange"; break; case CLActionColorChange: key = @"CLActionColorChange"; break; case CLActionImageChange: key = @"CLActionImageChange"; break; } return key; } + (void)addObserver:(id)observer identifier:(NSString *)identifier mainThread:(BOOL)mainThread block:(void(^)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary))block { //增加信号保证线程安全 dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //动态设置属性 objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionBlock, block, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMainThread, [NSNumber numberWithBool:mainThread], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); objc_setAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMethodType, [NSNumber numberWithBool:0], OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@-%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%p",observer], identifier]; //添加到字典 [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable setObject:observer forKey:key]; dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore); } + (void)actionWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary identifier:(NSString *)identifier { dispatch_semaphore_wait([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //key数组 NSArray<NSString *> *keyArray = [[[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable keyEnumerator] allObjects]; //遍历查找所有key [keyArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString * _Nonnull key, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) { //找出对应的观察者 if ([key containsString:identifier]) { id observer = [[CLActionManager sharedManager].mapTable objectForKey:key]; //取出block void(^block)(id observer, NSDictionary *dictionary) = objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionBlock); BOOL mainThread = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMainThread) boolValue]; BOOL actionMethod = [(NSNumber *)objc_getAssociatedObject(observer, CLActionMethodType) isEqualToNumber:@0]; //调用 if (block && actionMethod) { if (mainThread) { //主线程 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ block(observer, dictionary); }); }else { //子线程 dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ block(observer, dictionary); }); } } } }]; dispatch_semaphore_signal([CLActionManager sharedManager].semaphore); }@end
测试结果
效果图
测试效果已经达到我们需要的效果,看一下打印结果,所有的观察者的生命周期都没有受到影响
AViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main} BViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main} ViewController收到颜色变化,当前线程<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main} 收到其他地方头像变化了,当前线程--<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main} 收到其他地方头像变化了,当前线程--<NSThread: 0x608000263000>{number = 1, name = main} ++++++++++>>>>BViewController销毁了 头像View销毁了----0x7fbee1d08fb0--------->>>>AViewController销毁了 头像View销毁了----0x7fbee1e1a3b0
总结
以上是根据通知原理来自己实现的自定义响应类,希望能够给大家帮助,demo地址--->>CLActionManager
作者:季末微夏
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/00c558c72ae7
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