基于SpringBoot的Environment源码理解实现分散配置
前提
org.springframework.core.env.Environment是当前应用运行环境的公开接口，主要包括应用程序运行环境的两个关键方面：配置文件(profiles)和属性。Environment继承自接口PropertyResolver，而PropertyResolver提供了属性访问的相关方法。这篇文章从源码的角度分析Environment的存储容器和加载流程，然后基于源码的理解给出一个生产级别的扩展。
本文较长，请用一个舒服的姿势阅读。
Environment类体系
PropertyResolver：提供属性访问功能。
ConfigurablePropertyResolver：继承自PropertyResolver，主要提供属性类型转换(基于org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService)功能。
Environment：继承自PropertyResolver，提供访问和判断profiles的功能。
ConfigurableEnvironment：继承自ConfigurablePropertyResolver和Environment，并且提供设置激活的profile和默认的profile的功能。
ConfigurableWebEnvironment：继承自ConfigurableEnvironment，并且提供配置Servlet上下文和Servlet参数的功能。
AbstractEnvironment：实现了ConfigurableEnvironment接口，默认属性和存储容器的定义，并且实现了ConfigurableEnvironment种的方法，并且为子类预留可覆盖了扩展方法。
StandardEnvironment：继承自AbstractEnvironment，非Servlet(Web)环境下的标准Environment实现。
StandardServletEnvironment：继承自StandardEnvironment，Servlet(Web)环境下的标准Environment实现。
reactive相关的暂时不研究。
Environment提供的方法
一般情况下，我们在SpringMVC项目中启用到的是StandardServletEnvironment，它的父接口问ConfigurableWebEnvironment，我们可以查看此接口提供的方法：
Environment的存储容器
Environment的静态属性和存储容器都是在AbstractEnvironment中定义的，ConfigurableWebEnvironment接口提供的getPropertySources()方法可以获取到返回的MutablePropertySources实例，然后添加额外的PropertySource。实际上，Environment的存储容器就是org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource的子类集合，AbstractEnvironment中使用的实例是org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources，下面看下PropertySource的源码：
public abstract class PropertySource<T> { protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); protected final String name; protected final T source; public PropertySource(String name, T source) {
Assert.hasText(name, "Property source name must contain at least one character");
Assert.notNull(source, "Property source must not be null"); this.name = name; this.source = source;
} @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public PropertySource(String name) { this(name, (T) new Object());
} public String getName() { return this.name;
} public T getSource() { return this.source;
}
public boolean containsProperty(String name) { return (getProperty(name) != null);
}
@Nullable
public abstract Object getProperty(String name);
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) { return (this == obj || (obj instanceof PropertySource &&
ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(this.name, ((PropertySource<?>) obj).name)));
}
@Override
public int hashCode() { return ObjectUtils.nullSafeHashCode(this.name);
}
//省略其他方法和内部类的源码 }源码相对简单，预留了一个getProperty抽象方法给子类实现，重点需要关注的是覆写了的equals和hashCode方法，实际上只和name属性相关，这一点很重要，说明一个PropertySource实例绑定到一个唯一的name，这个name有点像HashMap里面的key，部分移除、判断方法都是基于name属性。PropertySource的最常用子类是MapPropertySource、PropertiesPropertySource、ResourcePropertySource、StubPropertySource、ComparisonPropertySource：
MapPropertySource：source指定为Map实例的PropertySource实现。
PropertiesPropertySource：source指定为Map实例的PropertySource实现，内部的Map实例由Properties实例转换而来。
ResourcePropertySource：继承自PropertiesPropertySource，source指定为通过Resource实例转化为Properties再转换为Map实例。
StubPropertySource：PropertySource的一个内部类，source设置为null，实际上就是空实现。
ComparisonPropertySource：继承自ComparisonPropertySource，所有属性访问方法强制抛出异常，作用就是一个不可访问属性的空实现。
AbstractEnvironment中的属性定义：
public static final String IGNORE_GETENV_PROPERTY_NAME = "spring.getenv.ignore";public static final String ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME = "spring.profiles.active";public static final String DEFAULT_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME = "spring.profiles.default";protected static final String RESERVED_DEFAULT_PROFILE_NAME = "default";private final Set<String> activeProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<>();private final Set<String> defaultProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<>(getReservedDefaultProfiles());private final MutablePropertySources propertySources = new MutablePropertySources(this.logger);private final ConfigurablePropertyResolver propertyResolver = new PropertySourcesPropertyResolver(this.propertySources);
上面的propertySources(MutablePropertySources类型)属性就是用来存放PropertySource列表的，PropertySourcesPropertyResolver是ConfigurablePropertyResolver的实现，默认的profile就是字符串default。MutablePropertySources的内部属性如下：
private final List<PropertySource<?>> propertySourceList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
没错，这个就是最底层的存储容器，也就是环境属性都是存放在一个CopyOnWriteArrayList<PropertySource<?>>实例中。MutablePropertySources是PropertySources的子类，它提供了get(String name)、addFirst、addLast、addBefore、addAfter、remove、replace等便捷方法，方便操作propertySourceList集合的元素，这里挑选addBefore的源码分析：
public void addBefore(String relativePropertySourceName, PropertySource<?> propertySource) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Adding PropertySource '" + propertySource.getName() + "' with search precedence immediately higher than '" + relativePropertySourceName + "'");
} //前一个PropertySource的name指定为relativePropertySourceName时候必须和添加的PropertySource的name属性不相同
assertLegalRelativeAddition(relativePropertySourceName, propertySource); //尝试移除同名的PropertySource
removeIfPresent(propertySource); //获取前一个PropertySource在CopyOnWriteArrayList中的索引
int index = assertPresentAndGetIndex(relativePropertySourceName); //添加当前传入的PropertySource到指定前一个PropertySource的索引，相当于relativePropertySourceName对应的PropertySource后移到原来索引值+1的位置
addAtIndex(index, propertySource);
}protected void assertLegalRelativeAddition(String relativePropertySourceName, PropertySource<?> propertySource) {
String newPropertySourceName = propertySource.getName(); if (relativePropertySourceName.equals(newPropertySourceName)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "PropertySource named '" + newPropertySourceName + "' cannot be added relative to itself");
}
}protected void removeIfPresent(PropertySource<?> propertySource) { this.propertySourceList.remove(propertySource);
}private int assertPresentAndGetIndex(String name) { int index = this.propertySourceList.indexOf(PropertySource.named(name)); if (index == -1) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("PropertySource named '" + name + "' does not exist");
} return index;
}private void addAtIndex(int index, PropertySource<?> propertySource) { //注意，这里会再次尝试移除同名的PropertySource
removeIfPresent(propertySource); this.propertySourceList.add(index, propertySource);
}大多数PropertySource子类的修饰符都是public，可以直接使用，这里写个小demo：
MutablePropertySources mutablePropertySources = new MutablePropertySources();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(8);
map.put("name", "throwable");
map.put("age", 25);
MapPropertySource mapPropertySource = new MapPropertySource("map", map);
mutablePropertySources.addLast(mapPropertySource);
Properties properties = new Properties();
PropertiesPropertySource propertiesPropertySource = new PropertiesPropertySource("prop", properties);
properties.put("name", "doge");
properties.put("gourp", "group-a");
mutablePropertySources.addBefore("map", propertiesPropertySource);
System.out.println(mutablePropertySources);Environment加载过程源码分析
Environment加载的源码位于SpringApplication#prepareEnvironment：
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) { // Create and configure the environment
//创建ConfigurableEnvironment实例
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment(); //启动参数绑定到ConfigurableEnvironment中
configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs()); //发布ConfigurableEnvironment准备完毕事件
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment); //绑定ConfigurableEnvironment到当前的SpringApplication实例中
bindToSpringApplication(environment); //这一步是非SpringMVC项目的处理，暂时忽略
if (this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.NONE) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
.convertToStandardEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment);
} //绑定ConfigurationPropertySourcesPropertySource到ConfigurableEnvironment中，name为configurationProperties，实例是SpringConfigurationPropertySources，属性实际是ConfigurableEnvironment中的MutablePropertySources
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment); return environment;
}这里重点看下getOrCreateEnvironment方法：
private ConfigurableEnvironment getOrCreateEnvironment() { if (this.environment != null) { return this.environment;
} //在SpringMVC项目，ConfigurableEnvironment接口的实例就是新建的StandardServletEnvironment实例
if (this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.SERVLET) { return new StandardServletEnvironment();
} return new StandardEnvironment();
}//REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS=org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler//MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS=org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet//MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS={"javax.servlet.Servlet","org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext"}//这里，默认就是WebApplicationType.SERVLETprivate WebApplicationType deduceWebApplicationType() { if (ClassUtils.isPresent(REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)) { return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
} for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) { if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) { return WebApplicationType.NONE;
}
} return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}还有一个地方要重点关注：发布ConfigurableEnvironment准备完毕事件listeners.environmentPrepared(environment)，实际上这里用到了同步的EventBus，事件的监听者是ConfigFileApplicationListener，具体处理逻辑是onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent方法：
private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> postProcessors = loadPostProcessors();
postProcessors.add(this);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors); //遍历所有的EnvironmentPostProcessor对Environment实例进行处理
for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor : postProcessors) {
postProcessor.postProcessEnvironment(event.getEnvironment(),
event.getSpringApplication());
}
}//从spring.factories文件中加载，一共有四个实例//ConfigFileApplicationListener//CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor//SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor//SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessorList<EnvironmentPostProcessor> loadPostProcessors() { return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(EnvironmentPostProcessor.class,
getClass().getClassLoader());
}实际上，处理工作大部分都在ConfigFileApplicationListener中，见它的postProcessEnvironment方法：
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
SpringApplication application) {
addPropertySources(environment, application.getResourceLoader());
}protected void addPropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
RandomValuePropertySource.addToEnvironment(environment); new Loader(environment, resourceLoader).load();
}主要的配置环境加载逻辑在内部类Loader，Loader会匹配多个路径下的文件把属性加载到ConfigurableEnvironment中，加载器主要是PropertySourceLoader的实例，例如我们用到application-${profile}.yaml文件做应用主配置文件，使用的是YamlPropertySourceLoader，这个时候activeProfiles也会被设置到ConfigurableEnvironment中。加载完毕之后，ConfigurableEnvironment中基本包含了所有需要加载的属性(activeProfiles是这个时候被写入ConfigurableEnvironment)。值得注意的是，几乎所有属性都是key-value形式存储，如xxx.yyyy.zzzzz=value、xxx.yyyy[0].zzzzz=value-1、xxx.yyyy[1].zzzzz=value-2。Loader中的逻辑相对复杂，有比较多的遍历和过滤条件，这里不做展开。
Environment属性访问源码分析
上文提到过，都是委托到PropertySourcesPropertyResolver，先看它的构造函数：
@Nullableprivate final PropertySources propertySources;public PropertySourcesPropertyResolver(@Nullable PropertySources propertySources) { this.propertySources = propertySources;
}只依赖于一个PropertySources实例，在SpringBoot的SpringMVC项目中就是MutablePropertySources的实例。重点分析一下最复杂的一个方法：
protected <T> T getProperty(String key, Class<T> targetValueType, boolean resolveNestedPlaceholders) { if (this.propertySources != null) { //遍历所有的PropertySource
for (PropertySource<?> propertySource : this.propertySources) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Searching for key '" + key + "' in PropertySource '" +
propertySource.getName() + "'");
}
Object value = propertySource.getProperty(key); //选用第一个不为null的匹配key的属性值
if (value != null) { if (resolveNestedPlaceholders && value instanceof String) { //处理属性占位符，如${server.port}，底层委托到PropertyPlaceholderHelper完成
value = resolveNestedPlaceholders((String) value);
}
logKeyFound(key, propertySource, value); //如果需要的话，进行一次类型转换，底层委托到DefaultConversionService完成
return convertValueIfNecessary(value, targetValueType);
}
}
} if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Could not find key '" + key + "' in any property source");
} return null;
}这里的源码告诉我们，如果出现多个PropertySource中存在同名的key，返回的是第一个PropertySource对应key的属性值的处理结果，因此我们如果需要自定义一些环境属性，需要十分清楚各个PropertySource的顺序。
扩展-实现分散配置
在不使用SpringCloud配置中心的情况下，一般的SpringBoot项目的配置文件如下：
- src - main - resources - application-prod.yaml - application-dev.yaml - application-test.yaml
随着项目发展，配置项越来越多，导致了application-${profile}.yaml迅速膨胀，大的配置文件甚至超过一千行，为了简化和划分不同功能的配置，可以考虑把配置文件拆分如下：
- src - main - resources - profiles - dev - business.yaml - mq.json - datasource.properties - prod - business.yaml - mq.json - datasource.properties - test - business.yaml - mq.json - datasource.properties - application-prod.yaml - application-dev.yaml - application-test.yaml
外层的application-${profile}.yaml只留下项目的核心配置如server.port等，其他配置打散放在/profiles/${profile}/各自的配置文件中。实现方式是：依据当前配置的spring.profiles.active属性，读取类路径中指定文件夹下的配置文件中，加载到Environment中，需要注意这一个加载步骤必须在Spring刷新上下文方法最后一步finishRefresh之前完成(这一点原因可以参考之前在个人博客写过的SpringBoot刷新上下文源码的分析)，否则有可能会影响到占位符属性的自动装配(例如使用了@Value("${filed}"))。
先定义一个属性探索者接口：
public interface PropertySourceDetector { /**
* 获取支持的文件后缀数组
*
* @return String[]
*/
String[] getFileExtensions(); /**
* 加载目标文件属性到环境中
*
* @param environment environment
* @param name name
* @param resource resource
* @throws IOException IOException
*/
void load(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String name, Resource resource) throws IOException;
}然后需要一个抽象属性探索者把Resource转换为字符串，额外提供Map的缩进、添加PropertySource到Environment等方法：
public abstract class AbstractPropertySourceDetector implements PropertySourceDetector { private static final String SERVLET_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.springframework.web."
+ "context.support.StandardServletEnvironment"; public boolean support(String fileExtension) {
String[] fileExtensions = getFileExtensions(); return null != fileExtensions &&
Arrays.stream(fileExtensions).anyMatch(extension -> extension.equals(fileExtension));
} private String findPropertySource(MutablePropertySources sources) { if (ClassUtils.isPresent(SERVLET_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null) && sources
.contains(StandardServletEnvironment.JNDI_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME)) { return StandardServletEnvironment.JNDI_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME;
} return StandardEnvironment.SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME;
} protected void addPropertySource(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, PropertySource<?> source) {
MutablePropertySources sources = environment.getPropertySources();
String name = findPropertySource(sources); if (sources.contains(name)) {
sources.addBefore(name, source);
} else {
sources.addFirst(source);
}
} protected Map<String, Object> flatten(Map<String, Object> map) {
Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
flatten(null, result, map); return result;
} private void flatten(String prefix, Map<String, Object> result, Map<String, Object> map) {
String namePrefix = (prefix != null ? prefix + "." : "");
map.forEach((key, value) -> extract(namePrefix + key, result, value));
} @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void extract(String name, Map<String, Object> result, Object value) { if (value instanceof Map) {
flatten(name, result, (Map<String, Object>) value);
} else if (value instanceof Collection) { int index = 0; for (Object object : (Collection<Object>) value) {
extract(name + "[" + index + "]", result, object);
index++;
}
} else {
result.put(name, value);
}
} protected String getContentStringFromResource(Resource resource) throws IOException { return StreamUtils.copyToString(resource.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
}
}上面的方法参考SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor，然后编写各种类型配置属性探索者的实现：
//Json@Slf4jpublic class JsonPropertySourceDetector extends AbstractPropertySourceDetector { private static final JsonParser JSON_PARSER = JsonParserFactory.getJsonParser(); @Override
public String[] getFileExtensions() { return new String[]{"json"};
} @Override
public void load(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String name, Resource resource) throws IOException { try {
Map<String, Object> map = JSON_PARSER.parseMap(getContentStringFromResource(resource));
Map<String, Object> target = flatten(map);
addPropertySource(environment, new MapPropertySource(name, target));
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("加载Json文件属性到环境变量失败,name = {},resource = {}", name, resource);
}
}
}//Propertiespublic class PropertiesPropertySourceDetector extends AbstractPropertySourceDetector { @Override
public String[] getFileExtensions() { return new String[]{"properties", "conf"};
} @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override
public void load(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String name, Resource resource) throws IOException {
Map map = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
addPropertySource(environment, new MapPropertySource(name, map));
}
}//Yaml@Slf4jpublic class YamlPropertySourceDetector extends AbstractPropertySourceDetector { private static final JsonParser YAML_PARSER = new YamlJsonParser(); @Override
public String[] getFileExtensions() { return new String[]{"yaml", "yml"};
} @Override
public void load(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String name, Resource resource) throws IOException { try {
Map<String, Object> map = YAML_PARSER.parseMap(getContentStringFromResource(resource));
Map<String, Object> target = flatten(map);
addPropertySource(environment, new MapPropertySource(name, target));
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("加载Yaml文件属性到环境变量失败,name = {},resource = {}", name, resource);
}
}
}子类的全部PropertySource都是MapPropertySource，name为文件的名称，所有PropertySource都用addBefore方法插入到systemProperties的前面，主要是为了提高匹配属性的优先级。接着需要定义一个属性探索者的合成类用来装载所有的子类：
public class PropertySourceDetectorComposite implements PropertySourceDetector { private static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = "properties"; private final List<AbstractPropertySourceDetector> propertySourceDetectors = new ArrayList<>(); public void addPropertySourceDetector(AbstractPropertySourceDetector sourceDetector) {
propertySourceDetectors.add(sourceDetector);
} public void addPropertySourceDetectors(List<AbstractPropertySourceDetector> sourceDetectors) {
propertySourceDetectors.addAll(sourceDetectors);
} public List<AbstractPropertySourceDetector> getPropertySourceDetectors() { return Collections.unmodifiableList(propertySourceDetectors);
} @Override
public String[] getFileExtensions() {
List<String> fileExtensions = new ArrayList<>(8); for (AbstractPropertySourceDetector propertySourceDetector : propertySourceDetectors) {
fileExtensions.addAll(Arrays.asList(propertySourceDetector.getFileExtensions()));
} return fileExtensions.toArray(new String[0]);
} @Override
public void load(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String name, Resource resource) throws IOException { if (resource.isFile()) {
String fileName = resource.getFile().getName(); int index = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
String suffix; if (-1 == index) { //如果文件没有后缀,当作properties处理
suffix = DEFAULT_SUFFIX;
} else {
suffix = fileName.substring(index + 1);
} for (AbstractPropertySourceDetector propertySourceDetector : propertySourceDetectors) { if (propertySourceDetector.support(suffix)) {
propertySourceDetector.load(environment, name, resource); return;
}
}
}
}
}最后添加一个配置类作为入口：
public class PropertySourceDetectorConfiguration implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar { private static final String PATH_PREFIX = "profiles"; @Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) registry;
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = beanFactory.getBean(ConfigurableEnvironment.class);
List<AbstractPropertySourceDetector> propertySourceDetectors = new ArrayList<>();
configurePropertySourceDetectors(propertySourceDetectors, beanFactory);
PropertySourceDetectorComposite propertySourceDetectorComposite = new PropertySourceDetectorComposite();
propertySourceDetectorComposite.addPropertySourceDetectors(propertySourceDetectors);
String[] activeProfiles = environment.getActiveProfiles();
ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); try { for (String profile : activeProfiles) {
String location = PATH_PREFIX + File.separator + profile + File.separator + "*";
Resource[] resources = resourcePatternResolver.getResources(location); for (Resource resource : resources) {
propertySourceDetectorComposite.load(environment, resource.getFilename(), resource);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
} private void configurePropertySourceDetectors(List<AbstractPropertySourceDetector> propertySourceDetectors,
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
Map<String, AbstractPropertySourceDetector> beansOfType = beanFactory.getBeansOfType(AbstractPropertySourceDetector.class); for (Map.Entry<String, AbstractPropertySourceDetector> entry : beansOfType.entrySet()) {
propertySourceDetectors.add(entry.getValue());
}
propertySourceDetectors.add(new JsonPropertySourceDetector());
propertySourceDetectors.add(new YamlPropertySourceDetector());
propertySourceDetectors.add(new PropertiesPropertySourceDetector());
}
}准备就绪，在/resources/profiles/dev下面添加两个文件app.json和conf：
//app.json{ "app": { "name": "throwable", "age": 25
}
}//confname=doge项目的application.yaml添加属性spring.profiles.active: dev，最后添加一个CommandLineRunner的实现用来观察数据：
@Slf4j@Componentpublic class CustomCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Value("${app.name}")
String name; @Value("${app.age}")
Integer age; @Autowired
ConfigurableEnvironment configurableEnvironment; @Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("name = {},age = {}", name, age);
}
}
自动装配的属性值和Environment实例中的属性和预期一样，改造是成功的。
小结
Spring中的环境属性管理的源码个人认为是最清晰和简单的：从文件中读取数据转化为key-value结构，key-value结构存放在一个PropertySource实例中，然后得到的多个PropertySource实例存放在一个CopyOnWriteArrayList中，属性访问的时候总是遍历CopyOnWriteArrayList中的PropertySource进行匹配。可能相对复杂的就是占位符的解析和参数类型的转换，后者牵连到Converter体系，这些不在本文的讨论范围内。最后附上一张Environment存储容器的示例图：
参考资料：
spring-boot-starter-web:2.0.3.RELEASE源码。
（本文完）
原文出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/throwable/p/9411100.html
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