linux挂载lvm分区磁盘方法（必须收藏以防万一）

最近上了一批orcale linux 需要安装orcale数据库，需要挂载一个300G的分区，在hyper-V挂载了300G分区，但是需要在linux系统中挂载一下，从这件事发现基础真的很重要，所以拿出鸟哥linux私房菜好好学习一下基础。废话不多说，开始教程，但是教程按照现实操作中记录的，在使用过程中需要变通一下，为什么要选用LVM格式呢？
LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（逻辑卷管理）的简写，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，它由Heinz Mauelshagen在Linux 2.4内核上实现，目前最新版本为：稳定版1.0.5，开发版 1.1.0-rc2，以及LVM2开发版。Linux用户安装Linux操作系统时遇到的一个常见的难以决定的问题就是如何正确地评估各分区大小，以分配合适的硬盘空间。普通的磁盘分区管理方式在逻辑分区划分好之后就无法改变其大小，当一个逻辑分区存放不下某个文件时，这个文件因为受上层文件系统的限制，也不能跨越多个分区来存放，所以也不能同时放到别的磁盘上。而遇到出现某个分区空间耗尽时，解决的方法通常是使用符号链接，或者使用调整分区大小的工具，但这只是暂时解决办法，没有从根本上解决问题。随着Linux的逻辑卷管理功能的出现，这些问题都迎刃而解，用户在无需停机的情况下可以方便地调整各个分区大小。

[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Nov  2 22:43 pci-0000:00:07.1-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Nov  3 14:59 scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov  3 14:59 scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov  2 14:43 scsi-0:0:0:0-part2 -> ../../sda2
（查看现有系统中的磁盘空间）
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l  #显示现在的全部的分区
找到你要挂载的分区

图片.png

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   #格式化这个分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n          ####add a new partition#####
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
Partition 1 is already defined.  Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       36472   292961308+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a   toggle a bootable flag
b   edit bsd disklabel
c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
d   delete a partition
l   list known partition types
m   print this menu
n   add a new partition
o   create a new empty DOS partition table
p   print the partition table
q   quit without saving changes
s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
t   change a partition's system id
u   change display/entry units
v   verify the partition table
w   write table to disk and exit
x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): l

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       36472   292961308+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       36472   292961308+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a   toggle a bootable flag
b   edit bsd disklabel
c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
d   delete a partition
l   list known partition types
m   print this menu
n   add a new partition
o   create a new empty DOS partition table
p   print the partition table
q   quit without saving changes
s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
t   change a partition's system id
u   change display/entry units
v   verify the partition table
w   write table to disk and exit
x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

格式化好以后PV一下
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

图片.png

pvdisplay查看一下

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate orcalevg /dev/sdb1
Volume group "orclevg" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 270G -n orcalelv orcalevg
Logical volume "orclelv" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/orcalevg/orcalelv
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /oracle   ###新建oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/orcalevg/orcalelv /oracle  ###挂载分区
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G  3.2G   44G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   84M  364M  19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G   48M   39G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/orclevg-orclelv
266G   60M  253G   1% /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/orcalevg/orcalelv /oracle ext4 defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# umount /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G  3.2G   44G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   84M  364M  19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G   48M   39G   1% /home
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G  3.2G   44G   7% /
tmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   84M  364M  19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G   48M   39G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/orclevg-orclelv
266G   60M  253G   1% /oracle
（也许这篇文章只有我自己能看懂了，学习过程中一定要记录自己的学习过程，必要的时候还能拿出来用）

作者：一只刚刚开始吃猫粮的运维狗
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/1bda3f7ba185