事实上,编译好的可执⾏⽂件真正执⾏⼊⼜并⾮我们所写的 main.main 函数,因为编译器
总是会插⼊⼀段引导代码,完成诸如命令⾏参数、运⾏时初始化等⼯作,然后才会进⼊⽤
户逻辑。
程序的入口因平台而异:
rt0_android_arm.s rt0_dragonfly_amd64.s rt0_linux_amd64.s ...rt0_darwin_386.s rt0_freebsd_386.s rt0_linux_arm.s ...rt0_darwin_amd64.s rt0_freebsd_amd64.s rt0_linux_arm64.s ...
rt0_linux_amd64.s:
TEXT _rt0_amd64_linux(SB),NOSPLIT,$-8 LEAQ 8(SP), SI ; argv MOVQ 0(SP), DI ; argc MOVQ $main(SB), AX ;move address of main to ax JMP AX TEXT main(SB),NOSPLIT,$-8 MOVQ $runtime·rt0_go(SB), AX ;跳转到runtime.rt0.go执行 JMP AX
asm_amd64.s:
TEXT runtime·rt0_go(SB),NOSPLIT,$0 // copy arguments forward on an even stack MOVQ DI, AX // argc MOVQ SI, BX // argv SUBQ $(4*8+7), SP // 2args 2auto ANDQ $~15, SP MOVQ AX, 16(SP) MOVQ BX, 24(SP) .. ok: ; set the per-goroutine and per-mach "registers" get_tls(BX) LEAQ runtime·g0(SB), CX ;将g0的地址保存到CX MOVQ CX, g(BX) ;设置 g(BX)为g0 LEAQ runtime·m0(SB), AX // save m->g0 = g0 MOVQ CX, m_g0(AX) ;设置m.g0 // save m0 to g0->m MOVQ AX, g_m(CX) ;设置g.m ... ;调用初始化函数 MOVL 16(SP), AX // copy argc MOVL AX, 0(SP) MOVQ 24(SP), AX // copy argv MOVQ AX, 8(SP) CALL runtime·args(SB) ; CALL runtime·osinit(SB) ; CALL runtime·schedinit(SB) ; // create a new goroutine to start program MOVQ $runtime·mainPC(SB), AX // entry PUSHQ AX PUSHQ $0 // arg size ;创建一个新的goroutine并加入到等待队列,该goroutine执行runtime.mainPC所指向的函数 CALL runtime·newproc(SB) POPQ AX POPQ AX ;该函数内部会调用调度程序,从而调度到刚刚创建的goroutine执行 CALL runtime·mstart(SB) MOVL $0xf1, 0xf1 // crash RET ;声明全局的变量mainPC为runtime.main函数的地址,该变量为read only DATA runtime·mainPC+0(SB)/8,$runtime·main(SB) GLOBL runtime·mainPC(SB),RODATA,$8
runtime1.go:
func args(c int32, v **byte) { argc = c argv = v sysargs(c, v)} func sysargs(argc int32, argv **byte) { }
os_windows.go:
func osinit() { ... ncpu = getproccount() //获取cpu核数 ... }
proc.go:
// The bootstrap sequence is: // // call osinit // call schedinit // make & queue new G // call runtime·mstart // // The new G calls runtime·main. func schedinit() { // raceinit must be the first call to race detector. // In particular, it must be done before mallocinit below calls racemapshadow. _g_ := getg() //获取的是g0 if raceenabled { _g_.racectx, raceprocctx0 = raceinit() } //最大系统线程数量限制 sched.maxmcount = 10000 tracebackinit() moduledataverify() //栈、内存分配器和调度器的相关初始化 stackinit() mallocinit() mcommoninit(_g_.m) alginit() // maps must not be used before this call modulesinit() // provides activeModules typelinksinit() // uses maps, activeModules itabsinit() // uses activeModules msigsave(_g_.m) initSigmask = _g_.m.sigmask //处理命令行参数和环境变量 goargs() goenvs() //处理 GODEBUG、GOTRACEBACK 调试相关的环境变量设置 parsedebugvars() //垃圾回收器初始化 gcinit() sched.lastpoll = uint64(nanotime()) //通过 CPU核心数和GOMAXPROCS环境变量确定P的数量,P用于调度g到m上 procs := ncpu if n, ok := atoi32(gogetenv("GOMAXPROCS")); ok && n > 0 { procs = n } if procs > _MaxGomaxprocs { procs = _MaxGomaxprocs } if procresize(procs) != nil { throw("unknown runnable goroutine during bootstrap") } if buildVersion == "" { // Condition should never trigger. This code just serves // to ensure runtime·buildVersion is kept in the resulting binary. buildVersion = "unknown" } }
// Called to start an M. //go:nosplit func mstart() { .... mstart1() } ```
func mstart1() { ... //调度goroutine schedule() }
// The main goroutine. func main() { g := getg() //当前获取的g是刚刚在rt0_go内创建的goroutine // Racectx of m0->g0 is used only as the parent of the main goroutine. // It must not be used for anything else. g.m.g0.racectx = 0 // Max stack size is 1 GB on 64-bit, 250 MB on 32-bit. // Using decimal instead of binary GB and MB because // they look nicer in the stack overflow failure message. //执行栈最大限制:1GB on 64-bit,250MB on 32-bit if sys.PtrSize == 8 { //64-bit下指针长度是8个字节 maxstacksize = 1000000000 } else { maxstacksize = 250000000 } // Allow newproc to start new Ms. mainStarted = true //启动系统后台监控(定期垃圾回收以及并发任务的调度等) systemstack(func() { newm(sysmon, nil) }) // Lock the main goroutine onto this, the main OS thread, // during initialization. Most programs won't care, but a few // do require certain calls to be made by the main thread. // Those can arrange for main.main to run in the main thread // by calling runtime.LockOSThread during initialization // to preserve the lock. lockOSThread() if g.m != &m0 { throw("runtime.main not on m0") } //执行runtime包内的所有初始化函数 init runtime_init() // must be before defer if nanotime() == 0 { throw("nanotime returning zero") } // Defer unlock so that runtime.Goexit during init does the unlock too. needUnlock := true defer func() { if needUnlock { unlockOSThread() } }() // Record when the world started. Must be after runtime_init // because nanotime on some platforms depends on startNano. runtimeInitTime = nanotime() //启动垃圾回收器的后台操作 gcenable() main_init_done = make(chan bool) //执行用户包(包括标准库)的初始化函数 init,程序所有的包的init函数都会在这个函数内被全部执行 fn := main_init // make an indirect call, as the linker doesn't know the address of the main package when laying down the runtime fn() close(main_init_done needUnlock = false unlockOSThread() //执行用户逻辑入口 main.main 函数 fn = main_main // make an indirect call, as the linker doesn't know the address of the main package when laying down the runtime fn() ... //执行结束,程序正常退出 exit(0) }
• 所有 init 函数都在同⼀个 goroutine 内执⾏
• 所有 init 函数结束后才会执⾏ main.main 函数
参考
雨痕的 Go 1.5源码剖析
作者:咖啡加方糖
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e534465c9ff8
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