本文为转载,原文:Golang 第三方库学习 · mux
Golang
介绍
mux
是一个用来执行http请求的路由和分发的第三方扩展包。
mux
其名称来源于HTTP request multiplexer
,类似于官方包http.ServeMux
,mux.Router
将会定义一个路由列表,其中每一个路由都会定义对应的请求url,及其处理方法。
源码
第三方库源码:
https://github.com/gorilla/mux
本文源码:
https://github.com/Chain-Zhang/third-lib
安装
go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux
使用
添加包引用:
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
常用方法介绍
初始化路由
r := mux.NewRouter()
路由注册
最简单的路由注册:
r.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler)
其中代码中的第一个参数为请求url,第二个参数为请求的处理函数,该函数可简单的定义为以下代码:
func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) fmt.Fprintf(w, "this is home") }
带有变量的url路由注册:
其中参数可使用正则表达式匹配
r.HandleFunc("/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}", ArticleHandler)
指定Host:
r.Host("www.example.com")
指定http方法:
r.Methods("GET", "POST")
指定URL安全策略:
r.Schemes("https")
增加URL前缀:
r.PathPrefix("/products/")
添加请求头:
r.Headers("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest")
添加请求参数:
r.Queries("key", "value")
组合使用:
r.HandleFunc("/products", ProductsHandler). Host("www.example.com"). Methods("GET"). Schemes("http")
子路由的使用:
r := mux.NewRouter() s := r.PathPrefix("/products").Subrouter() // "/products/"s.HandleFunc("/", ProductsHandler) // "/products/{key}/"s.HandleFunc("/{key}/", ProductHandler) // "/products/{key}/details"s.HandleFunc("/{key}/details", ProductDetailsHandler)
定义路由别名:
r.HandleFunc("/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}", ArticleHandler).Name("article")
静态文件路由:
flag.StringVar(&dir, "dir", ".", "the directory to serve files from. Defaults to the current dir") flag.Parse() r := mux.NewRouter() // This will serve files under http://localhost:8000/static/<filename> r.PathPrefix("/static/").Handler(http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir(dir))))
生成已注册的URL:
生成已注册的url需要用到路由的别名,代码如下:
url, err := r.Get("router_name").URL("key1", "val1", "key2", "val2")
例如:
r := mux.NewRouter() r.Host("{subdomain}.domain.com"). Path("/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}"). Queries("filter", "{filter}"). HandlerFunc(ArticleHandler). Name("article") // url.String() will be "http://news.domain.com/articles/technology/42?filter=gorilla" url, err := r.Get("article").URL("subdomain", "news", "category", "technology", "id", "42", "filter", "gorilla")
Walk方法:
walk方法可以遍历访问所有已注册的路由,例如以下代码:
func main() { r := mux.NewRouter() r.HandleFunc("/", handler) r.HandleFunc("/products", handler).Methods("POST") r.HandleFunc("/articles", handler).Methods("GET") r.HandleFunc("/articles/{id}", handler).Methods("GET", "PUT") r.HandleFunc("/authors", handler).Queries("surname", "{surname}") err := r.Walk(func(route *mux.Route, router *mux.Router, ancestors []*mux.Route) error { pathTemplate, err := route.GetPathTemplate() if err == nil { fmt.Println("ROUTE:", pathTemplate) } pathRegexp, err := route.GetPathRegexp() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Path regexp:", pathRegexp) } queriesTemplates, err := route.GetQueriesTemplates() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Queries templates:", strings.Join(queriesTemplates, ",")) } queriesRegexps, err := route.GetQueriesRegexp() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Queries regexps:", strings.Join(queriesRegexps, ",")) } methods, err := route.GetMethods() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Methods:", strings.Join(methods, ",")) } fmt.Println() return nil }) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } http.Handle("/", r) }
Middleware 中间件
mux同样也支持为路由添加中间件。
最简单的中间件定义:
func loggingMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler { return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // Do stuff here log.Println(r.RequestURI) // Call the next handler, which can be another middleware in the chain, or the final handler. next.ServeHTTP(w, r) }) }
中间件使用:
r := mux.NewRouter() r.HandleFunc("/", handler) r.Use(loggingMiddleware)
综合示例
package th_muximport( "strings" "flag" "fmt" "net/http" "github.com/gorilla/mux")func Run(){ var dir string flag.StringVar(&dir, "dir", ".", "the directory to serve files from. Defaults to the current dir") flag.Parse() // 初始化Router r := mux.NewRouter() // 静态文件路由 r.PathPrefix("/static/").Handler(http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir(dir)))) // 普通路由 r.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler) // 指定host r.HandleFunc("/host", HostHandler).Host("localhost") // 带变量的url路由 r.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", GetUserHandler).Methods("Get").Name("user") url, _ := r.Get("user").URL("id", "5") fmt.Println("user url: ", url.String()) // 遍历已注册的路由 r.Walk(func(route *mux.Route, router *mux.Router, ancestors []*mux.Route) error { pathTemplate, err := route.GetPathTemplate() if err == nil { fmt.Println("ROUTE:", pathTemplate) } pathRegexp, err := route.GetPathRegexp() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Path regexp:", pathRegexp) } queriesTemplates, err := route.GetQueriesTemplates() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Queries templates:", strings.Join(queriesTemplates, ",")) } queriesRegexps, err := route.GetQueriesRegexp() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Queries regexps:", strings.Join(queriesRegexps, ",")) } methods, err := route.GetMethods() if err == nil { fmt.Println("Methods:", strings.Join(methods, ",")) } fmt.Println() return nil }) r.Use(TestMiddleware) http.ListenAndServe(":3000", r) }func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) fmt.Fprintf(w, "this is home") }func HostHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){ w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) fmt.Fprintf(w, "the host is localhost") }func GetUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){ vars := mux.Vars(r) w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) fmt.Fprint(w, "this is get user, and the user id is ", vars["id"]) }func TestMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler { return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // Do stuff here fmt.Println("middleware print: ", r.RequestURI) // Call the next handler, which can be another middleware in the chain, or the final handler. next.ServeHTTP(w, r) }) }
运行结果截图
刚执行时的注册打印:
注册
依次在浏览器中输入以下地址测试,查看结果:
http://localhost:3000/http://localhost:3000/hosthttp://127.0.0.1:3000/hosthttp://localhost:3000/users/5
完
转载请注明出处:Golang 第三方库学习 · mux
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