Zuul:Zuul 是在云平台上提供动态路由,监控,弹性,安全等边缘服务的框架。Zuul 相当于是设备和 Netflix 流应用的 Web 网站后端所有请求的前门。
在微服务盛行的时代,客户端与系统之间的交互基本上如下图:
客户端想要请求到服务,首先请求到zuul网关,然后zuul网管将请求分发到对应的服务去。
新建一个springcloud_zuul(8766),pom文件加入zuul依赖,pom文件完整代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.dalaoyang</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud_zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springcloud_zuul</name> <description>springcloud_zuul</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Edgware.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
然后在启动类上添加@EnableZuulProxy启动zuul,完整代码如下:
package com.dalaoyang; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy public class SpringcloudZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args); } }
在配置文件加入如下配置:
##端口号 server.port=8766 ##服务名称 spring.application.name=service-zuul ##注册中心地址 eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://eureka.dalaoyang.cn/eureka/ ##zuul路由转发 service-a转发到service_ribbon zuul.routes.service-a.path=/service-a/** zuul.routes.service-a.service-id=service_ribbon ##zuul路由转发 service-b转发到service zuul.routes.service-b.path=/service-b/** zuul.routes.service-b.service-id=service
然后分别启动之前service(8762),service_ribbon(8764)和springcloud_zuul(8766)。
先看一下http://eureka.dalaoyang.cn,如下:
然后在浏览器上分别访问http://localhost:8766/service-a,如下
http://localhost:8766/service-b,如下
zuul网关的简单配置到这里基本上完成了。
然后介绍一个zuul的过滤器,新建一个过滤器的类RequestLogFilter,这个类需要继承ZuulFilter,需要实现几个方法。
filterType:这个方法返回过滤器的类型,pre(路由前执行),route(路由中执行),post(路由后执行),error(发生错误后执行)
filterOrder:返回一个int来指定过滤器的执行顺序
shouldFilter:返回boolean值来决定过滤器是否执行,true执行,false不执行。
run:过滤器要执行的操作。
本项目中过滤器代码如下:
package com.dalaoyang.filter; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author dalaoyang * @Description * @project springcloud_learn * @package com.dalaoyang.filter * @email yangyang@dalaoyang.cn * @date 2018/4/22 */ public class RequestLogFilter extends ZuulFilter { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLogFilter.class); @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } @Override public Object run() { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = requestContext.getRequest(); logger.info("请求路径:"+httpServletRequest.getRequestURL().toString()); return null; } }
修改一下启动类:
package com.dalaoyang; import com.dalaoyang.filter.RequestLogFilter; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; @SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy public class SpringcloudZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args); } @Bean public RequestLogFilter requestLogFilter(){ return new RequestLogFilter(); } }
在重启项目,访问http://localhost:8766/service-a,然后看控制台可以看到如下图:
有时会出现这样的情况,比如本文的service实例down了,如下图这种情况
那么在访问,就会无法转发,其实zuul也提供了失败回调的方法。
新建一个ServiceFallback类实现ZuulFallbackProvider接口,需要重写2个方法。
其中getRoute方法中可以指定为哪个微服务回退,*为所有服务。
代码如下:
package com.dalaoyang.fallback; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.charset.Charset; /** * @author dalaoyang * @Description * @project springcloud_learn * @package com.dalaoyang.fallback * @email yangyang@dalaoyang.cn * @date 2018/4/22 */ @Component public class ServiceFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider { @Override public String getRoute() { return "*"; } @Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() { return new ClientHttpResponse() { @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.OK; } @Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { return this.getStatusCode().value(); } @Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase(); } @Override public void close() { } @Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { return new ByteArrayInputStream("当前访问服务不可用!".getBytes()); } @Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); MediaType mediaType = new MediaType("application", "json", Charset.forName("UTF-8")); httpHeaders.setContentType(mediaType); return httpHeaders; } }; } }
重启项目,访问http://localhost:8766/service-a如下图所示:
源码下载 :大老杨码云
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