我们知道Spring是通过JDK或者CGLib实现动态代理的,今天我们讨论一下JDK实现动态代理的原理。
一、简述
Spring在解析Bean的定义之后会将Bean的定义生成一个BeanDefinition对象并且由BeanDefinitionHolder对象持有。在这个过程中,如果Bean需要被通知切入,BeanDefinition会被重新转换成一个proxyDefinition(其实也是一个BeanDefinition对象,只不过描述的是一个ProxyFactoryBean)。ProxyFactoryBean是一个实现了FactoryBean的接口,用来生成被被切入的对象。Spring AOP的实现基本上是通过ProxyFactoryBean实现的。我们今天讨论的重点也是这个类。
在讨论ProxyFactoryBean之前,我们先看一下一个BeanDefinition转换成proxyDefintion的过程。
public final BeanDefinitionHolder decorate(Node node, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, ParserContext parserContext) { BeanDefinitionRegistry registry = parserContext.getRegistry(); // get the root bean name - will be the name of the generated proxy factory bean String existingBeanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName(); BeanDefinition targetDefinition = definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition(); BeanDefinitionHolder targetHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(targetDefinition, existingBeanName + ".TARGET"); // delegate to subclass for interceptor definition BeanDefinition interceptorDefinition = createInterceptorDefinition(node); // generate name and register the interceptor String interceptorName = existingBeanName + "." + getInterceptorNameSuffix(interceptorDefinition); BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition( new BeanDefinitionHolder(interceptorDefinition, interceptorName), registry); BeanDefinitionHolder result = definitionHolder; if (!isProxyFactoryBeanDefinition(targetDefinition)) { // create the proxy definition 这里创建proxyDefinition对象,并且从原来的BeanDefinition对象中复制属性 RootBeanDefinition proxyDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(); // create proxy factory bean definition proxyDefinition.setBeanClass(ProxyFactoryBean.class); proxyDefinition.setScope(targetDefinition.getScope()); proxyDefinition.setLazyInit(targetDefinition.isLazyInit()); // set the target proxyDefinition.setDecoratedDefinition(targetHolder); proxyDefinition.getPropertyValues().add("target", targetHolder); // create the interceptor names list proxyDefinition.getPropertyValues().add("interceptorNames", new ManagedList<String>()); // copy autowire settings from original bean definition. proxyDefinition.setAutowireCandidate(targetDefinition.isAutowireCandidate()); proxyDefinition.setPrimary(targetDefinition.isPrimary()); if (targetDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) { proxyDefinition.copyQualifiersFrom((AbstractBeanDefinition) targetDefinition); } // wrap it in a BeanDefinitionHolder with bean name result = new BeanDefinitionHolder(proxyDefinition, existingBeanName); } addInterceptorNameToList(interceptorName, result.getBeanDefinition()); return result; }
二、ProxyFactoryBean的原理
我们先来看一下ProxyFactoryBean的继承关系:
ProxyFactoryBean类图
ProxyFactoryBean实现了FactoryBean、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware接口,这里就不多说了。ProxyCreatorSupport这个类则是创建代理对象的关键所在。 我们先来看看产生代理对象的方法:
public Object getObject() throws BeansException { initializeAdvisorChain(); if (isSingleton()) { //单例 return getSingletonInstance(); } else { if (this.targetName == null) { logger.warn("Using non-singleton proxies with singleton targets is often undesirable. " + "Enable prototype proxies by setting the 'targetName' property."); } //非单例 return newPrototypeInstance(); } }
initializeAdvisorChain() 方法是将通知链实例化。然后判断对象是否要生成单例而选择调用不同的方法,这里我们只看生成单例对象的方法。
private synchronized Object getSingletonInstance() { if (this.singletonInstance == null) { this.targetSource = freshTargetSource(); //如果以接口的方式代理对象 if (this.autodetectInterfaces && getProxiedInterfaces().length == 0 && !isProxyTargetClass()) { // Rely on AOP infrastructure to tell us what interfaces to proxy. Class<?> targetClass = getTargetClass(); if (targetClass == null) { throw new FactoryBeanNotInitializedException("Cannot determine target class for proxy"); } //获取目标类实现的所有接口,并注册给父类的interfaces属性,为jdk动态代理做准备 setInterfaces(ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClass(targetClass, this.proxyClassLoader)); } // Initialize the shared singleton instance. super.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy); //这里产生代理对象 this.singletonInstance = getProxy(createAopProxy()); } return this.singletonInstance; }
我们可以看到,产生代理对象是通过getProxy()方法实现的,这个方法我们看一下:
protected Object getProxy(AopProxy aopProxy) { return aopProxy.getProxy(this.proxyClassLoader); }
AopProxy对象的getProxy()方法产生我们需要的代理对象,究竟AopProxy这个类是什么,我们接下来先看一下产生这个对象的方法createAopProxy():
protected final synchronized AopProxy createAopProxy() { if (!this.active) { activate(); } return getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(this); } createAopProxy方法: public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException { //目标对象不是接口类的实现或者没有提供代理接口 if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) { Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass(); if (targetClass == null) { throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " + "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation."); } //代理对象自身是接口 if (targetClass.isInterface()) { return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config); } return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config); } else { return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config); } }
在这里我们只看JdkDynamicAopProxy这个类的实现,我们前面提到,真正代理对象的生成是由AopProxy的getProxy方法完成的,这里我们看一下JdkDynamicAopProxy的getProxy方法,这也是本文讨论的重点:
public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating JDK dynamic proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource()); } Class<?>[] proxiedInterfaces = AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised); findDefinedEqualsAndHashCodeMethods(proxiedInterfaces); return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this); }
我们看可以很清楚的看到,代理对象的生成直接使用了jdk动态代理:Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this);
而代理逻辑是通过实现了InvocationHandler接口的invoke方法实现的。而这里用到的实现了InvocationHandler接口的类就是JdkDynamicAopProxy自身。JdkDynamicAopProxy自身实现了InvocationHandler接口,完成了Spring AOP拦截器链拦截等一系列逻辑,我们看一下JdkDynamicAopProxy的invoke方法的具体实现:
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { MethodInvocation invocation; Object oldProxy = null; boolean setProxyContext = false; TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource; Class<?> targetClass = null; Object target = null; try { //没有重写equals方法 if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) { // The target does not implement the equals(Object) method itself. return equals(args[0]); } //没有重写hashCode方法 if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) { // The target does not implement the hashCode() method itself. return hashCode(); } //代理的类是Advised,这里直接执行,不做任何代理 if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() && method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) { // Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config... return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args); } Object retVal; if (this.advised.exposeProxy) { // Make invocation available if necessary. oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy); setProxyContext = true; } // May be null. Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target, // in case it comes from a pool. //获得代理对象 target = targetSource.getTarget(); if (target != null) { targetClass = target.getClass(); } // Get the interception chain for this method. //获得已经定义的拦截器链 List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass); // Check whether we have any advice. If we don't, we can fallback on direct // reflective invocation of the target, and avoid creating a MethodInvocation. if (chain.isEmpty()) { // We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly // Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor so we know it does // nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot swapping or fancy proxying. //拦截器链是空的,直接执行需要代理的方法 retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, args); } else { // We need to create a method invocation... //这里是调用拦截器链的地方,先创建一个MethodInvocation对象,然后调用该对象的proceed方法完成拦截器链调用 invocation = new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain); // Proceed to the joinpoint through the interceptor chain. retVal = invocation.proceed(); } // Massage return value if necessary. Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType(); //这里处理返回值,判断返回值和方法需要的返回是否一致 if (retVal != null && retVal == target && returnType.isInstance(proxy) && !RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) { // Special case: it returned "this" and the return type of the method // is type-compatible. Note that we can't help if the target sets // a reference to itself in another returned object. retVal = proxy; } else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) { throw new AopInvocationException("Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method); } return retVal; } finally { if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) { // Must have come from TargetSource. targetSource.releaseTarget(target); } if (setProxyContext) { // Restore old proxy. AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy); } } }
拦截器链的调用
从上面的代码和注释中我们可以看到spring实现aop的主要流程,具体如何调用拦截器链,我们来看一下MethodInvocation的proceed方法
public Object proceed() throws Throwable { // We start with an index of -1 and increment early. // currentInterceptorIndex是从-1开始的,所以拦截器链调用结束的时候index是 this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size() - 1 // 调用链结束后执行目标方法 if (this.currentInterceptorIndex == this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size() - 1) { return invokeJoinpoint(); } // 获得当前处理到的拦截器 Object interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice = this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.get(++this.currentInterceptorIndex); // 这里判断是否是InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher,如果是,这要判断是否匹配methodMatcher,不匹配则此拦截器不生效 if (interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice instanceof InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) { // Evaluate dynamic method matcher here: static part will already have // been evaluated and found to match. InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher dm = (InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice; if (dm.methodMatcher.matches(this.method, this.targetClass, this.arguments)) { return dm.interceptor.invoke(this); } else { // Dynamic matching failed. // Skip this interceptor and invoke the next in the chain. return proceed(); } } else { // It's an interceptor, so we just invoke it: The pointcut will have // been evaluated statically before this object was constructed. return ((MethodInterceptor) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice).invoke(this); } }
proceed()方法是一个递归方法,我们可以根据代码的注释知道大体逻辑,InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher的代码如下,我们可以看到,InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher 持有一个MethodInterceptor 对象和一个MethodMatcher 对象,在拦截器链调用过程中,如果拦截器是InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher ,则会先根据MethodMatcher 判断是否匹配,匹配MethodInterceptor 才会生效。
class InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher { final MethodInterceptor interceptor; final MethodMatcher methodMatcher; public InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher(MethodInterceptor interceptor, MethodMatcher methodMatcher) { this.interceptor = interceptor; this.methodMatcher = methodMatcher; } }
至于MethodInterceptor 是什么,MethodInterceptor 的逻辑是怎么样的,我们可以看一下MethodInterceptor 的一个子类AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor的实现:
public class AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, AfterAdvice, Serializable { private final AfterReturningAdvice advice; /** * Create a new AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor for the given advice. * @param advice the AfterReturningAdvice to wrap */ public AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor(AfterReturningAdvice advice) { Assert.notNull(advice, "Advice must not be null"); this.advice = advice; } @Override public Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable { Object retVal = mi.proceed(); this.advice.afterReturning(retVal, mi.getMethod(), mi.getArguments(), mi.getThis()); return retVal; }}
AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor的作用是在被代理的方法返回结果之后添加我们需要的处理逻辑,其实现方式我们可以看到,先调用MethodInvocation 的proceed,也就是先继续处理拦截器链,等调用完成后执行我们需要的逻辑:this.advice.afterReturning(retVal, mi.getMethod(), mi.getArguments(), mi.getThis());
到这里,spring使用jdk动态代理实现aop的分析基本上结束,其中拦截器链的调用比较难懂而且比较重要,需要的同学可以多看看这一块。
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