原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html
MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装
简介:
MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,消息队列遥测传输)是IBM开发的一个即时通讯协议,有可能成为物联网的重要组成部分。
MQTT服务器有好多种,mosquitto 是其中之一。由于mosquitto相对来说,教程比较多,对于初学者更容易入手。因此,我选择了mosquitto。
Mosquitto是一个实现了MQTT3.1协议的代理服务器,由MQTT协议创始人之一的Andy Stanford-Clark开发,它为我们提供了非常棒的轻量级数据交换的解决方案。本文的主旨在于记录Mosquitto服务的安装和使用,以备日后查阅。
安装依赖包
yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel yum install openssl-devel -y yum install c-ares-devel -y yum install uuid-devel -y yum install libuuid-devel -y
下载源代码:https://mosquitto.org/files/source/
解压,编译,安装
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ tar -zxvf ./mosquitto-1.4.15.tar.gz [nick@XQLY mqtt]$ sudo make && make install
创建配置文件
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ cd /etc/mosquitto/ [nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ ls aclfile.example mosquitto.conf.example pskfile.example pwfile.example [nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ cp ./mosquitto.conf.example ./mosquitto.conf
修改配置文件mosquitto.conf 部分内容
# When run as root, drop privileges to this user and its primary # group. # Leave blank to stay as root, but this is not recommended. # If run as a non-root user, this setting has no effect. # Note that on Windows this has no effect and so mosquitto should # be started by the user you wish it to run as.user mosquitto # Boolean value that determines whether clients that connect# without providing a username are allowed to connect. If set to# false then a password file should be created (see the # password_file option) to control authenticated client access. # Defaults to true. allow_anonymous false# See the TLS client require_certificate and use_identity_as_username options # for alternative authentication options. password_file /etc/mosquitto/password_file
配置文件说明
# =================================================================
# General configuration
# =================================================================
# 客户端心跳的间隔时间#retry_interval 20# 系统状态的刷新时间#sys_interval 10# 系统资源的回收时间,0表示尽快处理#store_clean_interval 10# 服务进程的PID#pid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pid# 服务进程的系统用户#user mosquitto# 客户端心跳消息的最大并发数#max_inflight_messages 10# 客户端心跳消息缓存队列#max_queued_messages 100# 用于设置客户端长连接的过期时间,默认永不过期#persistent_client_expiration# =================================================================# Default listener# =================================================================# 服务绑定的IP地址#bind_address# 服务绑定的端口号#port 1883# 允许的最大连接数,-1表示没有限制#max_connections -1# cafile:CA证书文件# capath:CA证书目录# certfile:PEM证书文件# keyfile:PEM密钥文件#cafile#capath#certfile#keyfile# 必须提供证书以保证数据安全性#require_certificate false# 若require_certificate值为true,use_identity_as_username也必须为true#use_identity_as_username false# 启用PSK(Pre-shared-key)支持#psk_hint# SSL/TSL加密算法,可以使用“openssl ciphers”命令获取# as the output of that command.#ciphers# =================================================================# Persistence# =================================================================# 消息自动保存的间隔时间#autosave_interval 1800# 消息自动保存功能的开关#autosave_on_changes false# 持久化功能的开关persistence true# 持久化DB文件#persistence_file mosquitto.db# 持久化DB文件目录#persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/# =================================================================# Logging# =================================================================# 4种日志模式:stdout、stderr、syslog、topic# none 则表示不记日志,此配置可以提升些许性能log_dest none# 选择日志的级别(可设置多项)#log_type error#log_type warning#log_type notice#log_type information# 是否记录客户端连接信息#connection_messages true# 是否记录日志时间#log_timestamp true# =================================================================# Security# =================================================================# 客户端ID的前缀限制,可用于保证安全性#clientid_prefixes# 允许匿名用户#allow_anonymous true# 用户/密码文件,默认格式:username:password#password_file# PSK格式密码文件,默认格式:identity:key#psk_file# pattern write sensor/%u/data# ACL权限配置,常用语法如下:# 用户限制:user <username># 话题限制:topic [read|write] <topic># 正则限制:pattern write sensor/%u/data#acl_file# =================================================================# Bridges# =================================================================# 允许服务之间使用“桥接”模式(可用于分布式部署)#connection <name>#address <host>[:<port>]#topic <topic> [[[out | in | both] qos-level] local-prefix remote-prefix]# 设置桥接的客户端ID#clientid# 桥接断开时,是否清除远程服务器中的消息#cleansession false# 是否发布桥接的状态信息#notifications true# 设置桥接模式下,消息将会发布到的话题地址# $SYS/broker/connection/<clientid>/state#notification_topic# 设置桥接的keepalive数值#keepalive_interval 60# 桥接模式,目前有三种:automatic、lazy、once#start_type automatic# 桥接模式automatic的超时时间#restart_timeout 30# 桥接模式lazy的超时时间#idle_timeout 60# 桥接客户端的用户名#username# 桥接客户端的密码#password# bridge_cafile:桥接客户端的CA证书文件# bridge_capath:桥接客户端的CA证书目录# bridge_certfile:桥接客户端的PEM证书文件# bridge_keyfile:桥接客户端的PEM密钥文件#bridge_cafile#bridge_capath#bridge_certfile#bridge_keyfile
创建用户/密码
在mosquitto.conf中指明了,用户密码文件路径,在路径下创建密码文件; 格式: username:password
使用配置文件启动服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ps -A | grep mosquitto
查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ss -tanl
补充问题:
1、在启动过程中报错:
Error: Invalid user 'mosquitto'.
解决方法:
2、重启Mosquitto
使用Liunx终止进程命令,强行退出。 先kill掉,再重启:
3、编译过程中问题:
1. ssh.h找不到。我之前安装了openssl,为什么还会报这个错误呢,因为我安装好了以后并没有配置环境变量 下面的命令是安装开发环境,执行此命令,上面的openssl就可以不安装了 yum install openssl-devel2.ares.h找不到 yum install c-ares-devel3.#include <uuid/uuid.h> 找不到文件解决方法: yum install e2fsprogs-devel yum install uuid-devel yum install libuuid-devel
4、 调测问题:
1、报错./mosquitto_sub: error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 解决:执行以下命令: 建立软链接 sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1刷新链接 ldconfig
调试
开启服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
建立一个客户端,订阅主题(用户名nick 密码zhangshan)
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass
建立一个客户端,向mass主题发送一个消息
[nick@XQLY ~]$ mosquitto_pub -t mass -u nick -P zhangshan -m "this is a messeage"
服务器显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.1530344892: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.1530344892: New client connected from ::1 as mosqsub|9252-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').1530344900: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.1530344900: New client connected from ::1 as mosqpub|9254-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').1530344900: Client mosqpub|9254-XQLY disconnected.
订阅者显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t massthis is a messeage
本文参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/76680646
https://www.cnblogs.com/chen1-kerr/p/7258487.html
作者:NickQ
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/
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