首页手记 SpringCloud项目开发资料：新手入门教程

SpringCloud项目开发资料：新手入门教程

标签：

Spring Cloud

概述

本文提供了关于SpringCloud项目开发资料的详细介绍，涵盖了环境搭建、服务发现与注册、服务网关与路由等内容，帮助新手快速入门。文章还包括了微服务间通信、配置中心与服务容错的实战案例，以及详细的示例代码，助力开发者理解和实现SpringCloud项目开发。

SpringCloud项目开发资料：新手入门教程

SpringCloud简介与环境搭建

SpringCloud是什么

Spring Cloud 是一个基于 Spring Boot 的开发工具包，用于快速构建分布式系统。它提供了一系列工具来帮助开发分布式系统，包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、领导选举、分布式会话以及集群状态管理等组件。

开发环境要求

JDK 1.8 或更高版本
Maven 3.2.1 或更高版本
Spring Boot 2.x 版本
IDE 如 IntelliJ IDEA 或 Eclipse

快速上手SpringCloud项目

创建一个新的 Spring Boot 项目
添加 Spring Cloud Starter 的依赖
配置 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件
创建主启动类并启用 Spring Cloud Starter

示例代码

pom.xml

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8761

spring:
  application:
     name: service-registry

eureka:
  client:
     register-with-eureka: false
     fetch-registry: false
     server: true

主启动类

package com.example.eurekaserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务发现与注册

Eureka服务注册与发现机制

Eureka 是 Netflix 开发的服务注册与发现组件，主要用于构建服务发现机制。服务提供者启动后，会向注册中心发送心跳来维持注册状态。服务消费者在需要调用服务时，先从注册中心获取服务提供者的地址信息，然后直接进行调用。

使用Eureka构建服务注册中心

创建 Eureka 服务注册中心
创建服务提供者并向注册中心注册
创建服务消费者从注册中心获取服务提供者的地址信息

示例代码

服务提供者（Provider）

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8081

spring:
    application:
        name: service-provider

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务接口

package com.example.serviceprovider.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient("service-provider")
public interface ServiceProviderClient {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
}

服务消费者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8082

spring:
    application:
        name: service-consumer

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceconsumer.controller;

import com.example.serviceprovider.service.ServiceProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private ServiceProviderClient serviceProviderClient;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return serviceProviderClient.hello();
    }
}

服务网关与路由

Zuul服务网关介绍

Zuul 是 Netflix 开发的一个基于 Java 和 Spring Boot 的 API Gateway，它负责将客户端请求路由到不同后端服务，并提供服务的负载均衡、过滤、定制路由等功能。它作为服务的统一入口，可以有效地控制服务的访问路径和权限。

使用Zuul配置路由规则

创建 Zuul 网关服务
配置路由规则

示例代码

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8080

spring:
    application:
        name: service-gateway

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

zuul:
    routes:
        provider:
            path: /provider/**
            url: http://localhost:8081

主启动类

package com.example.servicegateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ServiceGatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Spring Cloud Gateway介绍

Spring Cloud Gateway 是 Spring Cloud 的新一代网关，提供了更强大的路由功能和灵活的过滤器支持。与 Zuul 类似，Spring Cloud Gateway 也可以用于构建 API Gateway，实现服务路由和负载均衡等功能。

使用Spring Cloud Gateway配置路由规则

创建 Spring Cloud Gateway 服务
配置路由规则

示例代码

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8081

spring:
    application:
        name: service-gateway

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: service-provider
          uri: http://localhost:8081
          predicates:
            - Path=/provider/**

主启动类

package com.example.servicegateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceGatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder
                .routes()
                .route("service-provider", r -> r.path("/provider/**")
                        .uri("http://localhost:8081"))
                .build();
    }
}

微服务间通信

Ribbon负载均衡原理

Ribbon 是 Netflix 开发的客户端负载均衡组件，可以基于配置文件中的规则，从服务列表中按权重随机选择一个服务实例进行调用。它提供了服务列表管理、断路器等功能。

Feign声明式服务调用

Feign 是一个声明式的 web 服务客户端，它使得编写 web 服务客户端变得更加容易。Feign 集成了 Ribbon 和 Eureka，可以利用 Feign 的注解和配置来实现声明式的服务调用。

示例代码

服务提供者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8081

spring:
    application:
        name: service-provider

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务接口

package com.example.serviceprovider.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient("service-provider")
public interface ServiceProviderClient {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
}

服务消费者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8082

spring:
    application:
        name: service-consumer

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceconsumer.controller;

import com.example.serviceprovider.service.ServiceProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private ServiceProviderClient serviceProviderClient;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return serviceProviderClient.hello();
    }
}

配置中心与服务容错

Config配置中心介绍

Spring Cloud Config 是一个为 Spring Boot 应用提供外部配置的工具，它包含客户端和服务器两部分。Spring Cloud Config Server 从指定的存储位置读取配置文件，并通过 REST 接口提供给客户端使用。Spring Cloud Config Client 可以从 Config Server 获取配置文件，并将其注入到 Spring 容器中。

Hystrix断路器实现服务容错

Hystrix 是 Netflix 开发的一个延迟和容错库，用来隔离服务之间的调用，防止某一个服务的不可用导致整个系统的不可用。当调用服务失败、超时或抛出异常时，Hystrix 可以使用降级逻辑保证系统继续正常运行。

示例代码

服务提供者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8081

spring:
    application:
        name: service-provider

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class ServiceProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务接口

package com.example.serviceprovider.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(name = "service-provider", fallback = ServiceProviderClientFallback.class, fallbackFactory = ServiceProviderClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ServiceProviderClient {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    String hello();

    @GetMapping("/error")
    String error();
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceprovider.controller;

import com.example.serviceprovider.service.ServiceProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ProviderController {
    @Autowired
    private ServiceProviderClient serviceProviderClient;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return serviceProviderClient.hello();
    }

    @GetMapping("/error")
    public String error() {
        return serviceProviderClient.error();
    }
}

服务消费者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2021.0.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8082

spring:
    application:
        name: service-consumer

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

feign:
    hystrix:
        enabled: true

主启动类

package com.example.serviceconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceconsumer.controller;

import com.example.serviceprovider.service.ServiceProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private ServiceProviderClient serviceProviderClient;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return serviceProviderClient.hello();
    }
}

服务降级

package com.example.serviceconsumer.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FallbackFactory;

@FeignClient(name = "service-provider", fallback = ServiceProviderClientFallback.class, fallbackFactory = ServiceProviderClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ServiceProviderClient {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    String hello();

    @GetMapping("/error")
    String error();
}

class ServiceProviderClientFallback implements ServiceProviderClient {
    @Override
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello, fallback";
    }

    @Override
    public String error() {
        return "Error, fallback";
    }
}

class ServiceProviderClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<ServiceProviderClient> {
    @Override
    public ServiceProviderClient create(Throwable cause) {
        return new ServiceProviderClient() {
            @Override
            public String hello() {
                return "Hello, fallback factory";
            }

            @Override
            public String error() {
                return "Error, fallback factory";
            }
        };
    }
}

实战案例：搭建一个简单的SpringCloud项目

项目需求

搭建一个简单的 SpringCloud 微服务项目，包括服务注册中心、服务提供者、服务消费者和配置中心。

项目搭建流程

创建服务注册中心
创建服务提供者并向注册中心注册
创建服务消费者从注册中心获取服务提供者的地址信息
创建配置中心并配置服务提供者和服务消费者

示例代码

服务注册中心

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8761

spring:
    application:
        name: service-registry

eureka:
    client:
        register-with-eureka: false
        fetch-registry: false
        server: true

主启动类

package com.example.eurekaserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

服务提供者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8081

spring:
    application:
        name: service-provider

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceprovider.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ProviderController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello, ServiceProvider";
    }
}

服务消费者

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8082

spring:
    application:
        name: service-consumer

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

主启动类

package com.example.serviceconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

控制器

package com.example.serviceconsumer.controller;

import com.example.serviceprovider.controller.ProviderController;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private ProviderController providerController;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return providerController.hello();
    }
}

服务提供者服务接口

package com.example.serviceprovider.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient("service-provider")
public interface ServiceProviderClient {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
}

配置中心

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

server:
    port: 8888

spring:
    application:
        name: config-server

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

spring.cloud:
    config:
        server:
            git:
                uri: https://github.com/yourusername/config-repo
                username: yourusername
                password: yourpassword

主启动类

package com.example.configserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置文件

在配置中心的 Git 仓库中添加配置文件，例如 application.yml 和 application-dev.yml。

服务提供者配置

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

bootstrap.yml

spring:
    application:
        name: service-provider
    cloud:
        config:
            uri: http://localhost:8888
            label: master

服务消费者配置

pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

bootstrap.yml

spring:
    application:
        name: service-consumer
    cloud:
        config:
            uri: http://localhost:8888
            label: master

测试与部署

启动服务注册中心

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.main-class=com.example.eurekaserver.EurekaServerApplication

启动服务提供者并注册到服务注册中心

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.main-class=com.example.serviceprovider.ServiceProviderApplication

启动服务消费者从服务注册中心获取服务提供者的地址信息并调用服务

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.main-class=com.example.serviceconsumer.ServiceConsumerApplication

启动配置中心并配置服务提供者和服务消费者

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.main-class=com.example.configserver.ConfigServerApplication

通过以上步骤，可以搭建一个简单的 SpringCloud 微服务项目，并进行测试和部署。

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