1. 在 vue
中,使用 <transition>
标签包含着的单个子元素在使用 v-show
或 v-if
切换显示隐藏前,会先判断是否有对应的 class
样式能匹配到该子元素上:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .red {background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .red.v-leave { margin-top: 50px; } .red.v-leave-active { transition: all 3s;} .red.v-leave-to { margin-top: 100px; opacity: 0;} .red.v-enter { margin-top: 50px; } .red.v-enter-active { transition: all 3s;} .red.v-enter-to { margin-top: 10px; opacity: 0;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition> <div class="red" v-show="show"></div> </transition> <button v-on:click="change">button</button></div><script>new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true }, methods: { change: function(){ this.show = !this.show; } } });</script></script></body>
.v-leave
当前元素准备从显示转变成隐藏,在动画开始前添加到元素上,动画一旦开始会立即删除;.v-leave-active
在动画过渡过程中,元素一直拥有该样式,直到动画结束则自动删除,用于设置过渡的效果;.v-leave-to
在动画过渡过程中,元素一直拥有该样式,直到动画结束则自动删除,用于设置动画最终的效果;
事例中,当点击 button
,div
并不会马上 display: none
, 而是首先设置 .v-leave
,下一刻即删除 .v-leave
,同时添加 .v-leave-active .v-leave-to
,当 .v-leave-active
中的过渡时间执行完成,则删除 .v-leave-active .v-leave-to
,同时添加 display: none
。
.v-enter
当前元素准备从隐藏转变成显示,在动画开始前添加到元素上,动画一旦开始会立即删除;.v-enter-active
在动画过渡过程中,元素一直拥有该样式,直到动画结束则自动删除,用于设置过渡的效果;.v-enter-to
在动画过渡过程中,元素一直拥有该样式,直到动画结束则自动删除,用于设置动画最终的效果;
事例中,当点击 button
,div
马上清除 display: none
, 然后设置 .v-enter
,下一刻即删除 .v-enter
,同时添加 .v-enter-active .v-enter-to
,当 .v-enter-active
中的过渡时间执行完成,则删除 .v-enter-active .v-enter-to
。
2. 自定义动画类名:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .red {background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .red.slide-leave { margin-top: 50px; } .red.slide-leave-active { transition: all 3s;} .red.slide-leave-to { margin-top: 100px; opacity: 0;} .red.slide-enter { margin-top: 50px; } .red.slide-enter-active { transition: all 3s;} .red.slide-enter-to { margin-top: 10px; opacity: 0;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition name="slide"> <div class="red" v-show="show"></div> </transition> <button v-on:click="change">button</button></div><script>new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true }, methods: { change: function(){ this.show = !this.show; } } });</script>
该效果与上一例效果完全一致的,transition
元素可以使用 name
属性来指定使用的类名前缀,从而代替 v-
字段,例如事例中的 name="slide"
使本来的 .v-enter
变成了 .slide-enter
。
3. transition
与 animation
同时使用时
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style>@keyframes aslide { 0% { margin-left: 10px; } 100% { margin-left: 100px; } } .red {background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .blue {background-color: blue; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .v-leave { margin-top: 50px; } .v-leave-active { transition: all 3s; animation: aslide 5s;} .v-leave-to { margin-top: 100px;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition type="transition" > <div class="red" v-show="show"></div> </transition> <br> <transition type="animation" > <div class="blue" v-show="show"></div> </transition> <button v-on:click="change">button</button></div><script>new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true }, methods: { change: function(){ this.show = !this.show; } } });</script>
vue-transition-2.gif
事例中,动画同时指定了 transition
和 animation
动画, transition
元素的 type
属性可以指定以哪种动画的时间为元素的结束时间,如果不指定动画监控的方式,则会以最长时间的为准。
4. javascript 监听动画
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .red {background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .v-leave { margin-top: 50px; } .v-leave-active { transition: all 3s;} .v-leave-to { margin-top: 100px;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition v-on:before-enter="beforeEnter" v-on:enter="enter" v-on:after-enter="afterEnter" v-on:enter-cancelled="enterCancelled" v-on:before-leave="beforeLeave" v-on:leave="leave" v-on:after-leave="afterLeave" v-on:leave-cancelled="leaveCancelled" > <div class="red" v-show="show"></div> </transition> <button v-on:click="change">button</button></div><script>new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true }, methods: { change: function() { this.show = !this.show; console.log('-----------click---------'); }, beforeEnter: function (el) { console.log('beforeEnter:'); }, enter: function (el, done) { console.log('enter:'); // done() }, afterEnter: function (el) { console.log('afterEnter:'); }, enterCancelled: function (el) { console.log('enterCancelled:'); }, beforeLeave: function (el) { console.log('beforeLeave:'); }, leave: function (el, done) { console.log('leave:'); done() }, afterLeave: function (el) { console.log('afterLeave:'); }, leaveCancelled: function (el) { console.log('leaveCancelled:'); } } });</script>
vue-transition-3.gif
一旦使用 js 事件,原 css 动画过渡效果就会无效,官方推荐在
<div class="red" v-show="show"></div>
上设置v-bind:css="false"
可令vue
内部机制免去监测css
动画事件回调,提高性能。enter
和leave
事件需手动调用done
方法,不然事件一直不会调用后续的after
事件,没有调用after
事件但是又有其他事件开始了,则被视为动画被cancel
了。
5. 页面初始化时的动画:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style>@keyframes aslide { 0% { margin-left: 10px; } 100% { margin-left: 100px; } } .red {background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px;} .apper { margin-top: 50px; } .apper-active { margin-top: 100px; animation: aslide 4s; transition: all 3s;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition appear appear-class="apper" appear-active-class="apper-active" v-on:before-appear="customBeforeAppearHook" v-on:appear="customAppearHook" v-on:after-appear="customAfterAppearHook" > <div class="red" ></div> </transition> <button v-on:click="change">button</button></div><script>new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true }, methods: { change: function() { this.show = !this.show; console.log('-----------click---------'); }, customBeforeAppearHook: function (el) { console.log('customBeforeAppearHook:'); }, customAppearHook: function (el) { console.log('customAppearHook:'); // done() }, customAfterAppearHook: function (el) { console.log('customAfterAppearHook:'); } } });</script>
vue-transition-4.gif
appear
属性表示开启初始化动画,appear-class
属性指定初始化前的样式,appear-active-class
属性指定初始化动画过程的样式;transition
动画无法在初始化动画中起效,而animation
动画则可以;before-appear
appear
after-appear
是事件回调,看事例相当清晰。
6. 动画元素的 key
:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .v-enter-active { transition: all 1.5s;} .v-enter-to { margin-top: 100px;} .v-leave-active { transition: all 1.5s;} .v-leave-to { margin-top: 10px;}</style><body><div id="app"> <div class="show1"> <transition> <button v-if="show1" @click="show1 = false">on</button> <button v-else @click="show1 = true">off</button> </transition> </div> <div class="show2"> <transition> <button v-if="show2" key="on" @click="show2 = false">on</button> <button v-else key="off" @click="show2 = true">off</button> </transition> </div></div><script>var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show1: true, show2: true } });</script>
vue-transition-5.gif
show1
为什么没有动画效果呢?因为vue
会把切换中的两个button
识别成同一个元素,只是修改了button
中的不同内容,所以实际上页面并没有发生DOM
元素的切换;如果要让
vue
明确识别出这是2个不同的button
元素,则为每个元素指定不同的key
属性的值。
7. 元素切换的动画模式:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .v-enter { margin-left: 100px;} .v-enter-active { transition: all 5s;} .v-enter-to { margin-left: 10px;} .v-leave { margin-left: 10px;} .v-leave-active { transition: all 5s;} .v-leave-to { margin-left: 100px;}</style><body><div id="app"> <div class="default"> <transition> <button v-if="show" key="on" @click="show = false">on</button> <button v-else key="off" @click="show = true">off</button> </transition> </div> <div class="inout"> <transition mode="in-out"> <button v-if="show" key="on" @click="show = false">on</button> <button v-else key="off" @click="show = true">off</button> </transition> </div> <div class="outin"> <transition mode="out-in"> <button v-if="show" key="on" @click="show = false">on</button> <button v-else key="off" @click="show = true">off</button> </transition> </div></div><script>var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { show: true } });</script>
vue-transition-6.gif
transition
默认是同时执行2个元素的切换动画的,案例中红色的off
按钮其实是会同时向左移动的,只是因为布局上没有脱离布局流,被on
按钮顶住,无法移动;mode="in-out"
可以使切换元素先执行将要显示元素的动画,再执行将要隐藏元素的动画;mode="out-in"
可以使切换元素先执行将要隐藏元素的动画,再执行将要显示元素的动画;
8. 多元素动画:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .v-enter { margin-left: 100px;} .v-enter-active { transition: all 2s;} .v-enter-to { margin-left: 10px;}</style><body><div id="app"> <transition-group> <li v-for="item in items" :key="item">{{item}}</li> </transition-group> <transition-group tag="ul"> <li v-for="item in items" :key="item">{{item}}</li> </transition-group> <button @click="items.push(items.length)">add</button></div><script>var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { items: [0,1] } });</script>
vue-transition-7.gif
transition
里面只能放置单个元素或使用v-if
v-show
切换的单个元素,要想使用多个元素的动画,必须使用transition-group
;transition-group
默认会在DOM
里渲染成span
标签,可使用tag="ul"
指定渲染成其他标签;transition-group
必须为每一个子元素指定key
;
8. 多元素的位移动画:
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="/public/javascripts/vue.js"></script><style> .v-move { transition: all 1s; }</style><body><div id="app"> <transition-group tag="ul" > <li v-for="item in items" :key="item">{{item}}</li> </transition-group> <button @click="items.reverse()">reverse</button></div><script>var app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { items: [0,1,2,3] } });</script>
vue-transition-8.gif
transition-group
允许在每个元素移动时,添加v-move
的样式,移动完成后自动清除该样式;transition
的属性,transition-group
都有,包括name
enter
leave
;
作者:rayman_v
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/109f532928b0
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