【2023年】第60天 断言 assert

一、断言的功能

• 用于判断一个表达式，在表达式条件为false的时候出发异常。

用法：
	assert expression, message
参数：
	expression：表达式，一般是判断相等，或者判断是某种数据类型的bool判断的语句
	message：具体的错误信息
返回值：
	无返回值

修改学生管理系统，加入raise以及assert和新的内置函数isinstance

# coding:utf-8

"""
学生信息库
"""


class NotArgError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message):
        self.message = message


class StudentInfo(object):
    def __init__(self, students):
        self.students = students

    def get_by_id(self, student_id):
        return self.students.get(student_id)

    def get_all_students(self):
        for id_, value in self.students.items():
            print('学号: {}, 姓名: {}, 年龄: {}, 性别: {}, 班级: {}'.format(
            id_, value['name'], value['age'], value['sex'], value['class_number']
         ))
        return self.students

    def add(self, **student):
        try:
            self.check_user_info(**student)
        except Exception as e:
            raise e

        self.__add(**student)

    def adds(self, new_students):
        for student in new_students:
            try:
                self.check_user_info(**student)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e, student.get('name'))
                continue

            self.__add(**student)

    def __add(self, **student):
        new_id = max(self.students) + 1
        self.students[new_id] = student

    def delete(self, student_id):
        if student_id not in self.students:
            print('{}并不存在'.format(student_id))
        else:
            user_info = self.students.pop(student_id)
            print('学号是{}, {}同学的信息已经被删除了'.format(student_id, user_info['name']))

    def deletes(self, ids):
        for id_ in ids:
            if id_ not in self.students:
                print(f'{id_} 不存在学生库中')
                continue
            student_info = self.students.pop(id_)
            print(f'学号{id_} 学生{student_info["name"]} 已被移除')

    def update(self, student_id, **kwargs):
        if student_id not in self.students:
            print('并不存在这个学号: {}'.format(student_id))
        try:
            self.check_user_info(**kwargs)
        except RecursionError as e:
            raise e

        self.students[student_id] = kwargs
        print('同学信息更新完毕')


    def updates(self, update_student):
        for student in update_student:
            try:
                id_ = list(student.keys())[0]
            except IndexError as e:
                print(e)
                continue
            if id_ not in self.students:
                print(f'学号{id} 不存在')
                continue
            user_info = student[id_]
            try:
                self.check_user_info(**user_info)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                continue
            self.students[id_] = user_info
        print('所有用户信息更新完成')

    def search_users(self, **kwargs):

        assert len(kwargs) == 1, '参数数量传递错误'

        values = list(self.students.values())
        key = None
        value = None
        result = []

        if 'name' in kwargs:
            key = 'name'
            value = kwargs[key]
        elif 'sex' in kwargs:
            key = 'sex'
            value = kwargs[key]
        elif 'class_number' in kwargs:
            key = 'class_number'
            value = kwargs[key]
        elif 'age' in kwargs:
            key = 'age'
            value = kwargs[key]
        else:
            raise NotArgError('没有发现搜索的关键字')

        for user in values:  # [{name, sex, age, class_number}, {}]
            if value in user[key]:
                result.append(user)
        return result

    def check_user_info(self, **kwargs):
        assert len(kwargs) == 4, '参数必须是4个'

        if 'name' not in kwargs:
            raise NotArgError('没有发现学生姓名参数')

        if 'age' not in kwargs:
            raise NotArgError('缺少学生年龄参数')

        if 'sex' not in kwargs:
            raise NotArgError('缺少学生性别参数')

        if 'class_number' not in kwargs:
            raise NotArgError('缺少学生班级参数')

        name_value = kwargs['name']  # type(name_value)
        age_value = kwargs['age']
        sex_value = kwargs['sex']
        class_number_value = kwargs['class_number']
        # isinstance(对比的数据，目标类型)  isinstance(1, str)  False
        if not isinstance(name_value, str):
            raise TypeError('name 应该是字符串类型')
        if not isinstance(age_value, int):
            raise TypeError('age 应该是整形')
        if not isinstance(sex_value, str):
            raise TypeError('sex_value 应该是字符串类型')
        if not isinstance(class_number_value, str):
            raise TypeError('class_number_value 应该是字符串类型')


students = {
    1: {
        'name': 'dewei',
        'age': 33,
        'class_number': 'A',
        'sex': 'boy'
    },
    2: {
        'name': '小木',
        'age': 10,
        'class_number': 'B',
        'sex': 'boy'
    },
    3: {
        'name': '小曼',
        'age': 19,
        'class_number': 'A',
        'sex': 'girl'
    },
    4: {
        'name': '小高',
        'age': 18,
        'class_number': 'C',
        'sex': 'boy'
    },
    5: {
        'name': '小云',
        'age': 14,
        'class_number': 'B',
        'sex': 'girl'
    }
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    student_info = StudentInfo(students)
    user = student_info.get_by_id(1)
    student_info.add(name='xy', age=12, class_number='A', sex='boy')
    users = [
        {'name': 'xiaomi', 'age': 17, 'class_number': 'B', 'sex': 'boy'},
        {'name': 'xyz', 'age': 18, 'class_number': 'C', 'sex': 'girl'}
    ]
    student_info.adds(users)
    student_info.get_all_students()
    print('------------------------------')

    student_info.deletes([7, 8])
    student_info.get_all_students()
    print('------------------------------')

    student_info.updates([
        {1: {'name': 'wang', 'age': 10, 'class_number': 'A', 'sex': 'boy'}},
        {2: {'name': 'zhang', 'age': 11, 'class_number': 'A', 'sex': 'girl'}}
    ])
    student_info.get_all_students()
    print('------------------------------')

    result = student_info.search_users(name='小')
    print(result)
    print('------------------------------')

    result = student_info.search_users(name='')
    print(result)

二、什么是BUG?

• 程序中出现的错误，但又没有通过异常去捕获，以至于直接抛出，导致程序的崩溃
• bug指的是 小虫
• 飞入计算机中导致机器停止

DeBUG的两种方法：
1. 使用编译器自带的，比如打断点运行后，再逐步执行代码！
2. 也可以通过在程序中自己书写print语句来检验。