一. 环境准备
1.1 配置yum阿里源
yum -y install wget
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
1.2 关闭防火墙
# 查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state
# 临时停止防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
# 禁止防火墙开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service
1.3 关闭selinux
# 查看selinux状态
getenforce
# 临时关闭selinux
setenforce 0
# 永久关闭selinux
sed -i 's/^ *SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
1.4 关闭swap
# 临时关闭swap
swapoff -a
# 永久关闭swap
sed -i.bak '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
# 查看
free -g
1.5 调整内核参数及模块
加载所需内核模块
cat <<EOF> /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF> /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter
设置必需的 sysctl 参数，允许iptables检查桥接流量，这些参数在重新启动后仍然存在
cat <<EOF> /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
# 应用 sysctl 参数而无需重新启动
sudo sysctl --system
1.6 开启ipvs
不开启ipvs将会使用iptables进行数据包转发，但是效率低，所以推荐开通ipvs，使用
cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
# 加载模块
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
# 安装了ipset软件包
yum install ipset -y
# 安装管理工具ipvsadm
yum install ipvsadm -y
1.7 同步服务器时间
yum install chrony -y
systemctl enable chronyd
systemctl start chronyd
[root@master ~]# chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 4
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^- ntp.wdc1.us.leaseweb.net 2 9 201 329 -8125us[-8125us] +/- 264ms
^- ntp5.flashdance.cx 2 9 373 189 -43ms[ -43ms] +/- 223ms
^+ time.cloudflare.com 3 8 377 197 +38ms[ +38ms] +/- 121ms
^* 119.28.183.184 2 8 155 30m -8460us[ -13ms] +/- 67ms
[root@master ~]# date
2022年 03月 26日 星期六 15:11:32 CST
1.8 安装containerd
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 查看最新版本
yum list containerd --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install containerd -y
# 安装了`containerd.io-1.5.11-3.1.el7.x86_64`
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl start containerd
systemctl enable containerd
配置
# 修改cgroups为systemd
sed -i 's#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#' /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 修改基础设施镜像
sed -i 's#sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5"#sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"#' /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart containerd
安装 CRI 客户端 crictl
选择版本 https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.23.0/crictl-v1.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf crictl-v1.23.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
cat <<EOF> /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
# 验证是否可用
crictl pull nginx:alpine
crictl images
crictl rmi nginx:alpine
1.9 修改hostname和hosts
修改hostname
# master节点
hostnamectl set-hostname master
# node1节点
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
# node2节点
hostnamectl set-hostname node2
添加hosts
cat <<EOF> /etc/hosts
192.168.4.27 master
192.168.4.28 node1
192.168.4.29 node2
EOF
二. 安装k8s
2.1 安装 kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
添加kubernetes源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
然后安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
# 查看版本，最新版 1.23.5-0
yum list kubeadm --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install -y kubelet-1.23.5-0 kubectl-1.23.5-0 kubeadm-1.23.5-0
[root@master ~]# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"23", GitVersion:"v1.23.5", GitCommit:"c285e781331a3785a7f436042c65c5641ce8a9e9", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-03-16T15:57:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.17.8", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
修改kubelet配置
cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
EOF
启动kubelet服务，并设置开机自启
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
2.2 初始化k8s集群
2.2.1 master节点（二选一）
1. 通过配置文件初始化：
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
修改为
cat <<EOF> kubeadm.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.4.27 # apiserver 节点内网IP
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock # 修改为containerd
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS # dns类型 type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 修改这个镜像能下载
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.5 # k8s版本
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs # kube-proxy 模式
EOF
kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
2. 直接初始化：
kube-proxy 模式是 iptables，可以通过kubectl edit configmap kube-proxy -n kube-system修改
kubeadm init \
--kubernetes-version v1.23.5 \
--apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.4.27 \
--control-plane-endpoint master \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket /run/containerd/containerd.sock
- –kubernetes-version：指定的版本
- –apiserver-advertise-address：K8S主节点的地址
- –pod-network-cidr：pod的网络IP范围
如果您的网络运行在192.168..，需要将 pod-network-cidr 设置为10.0.0.0/16；
如果您的网络是10.0.*.*使用192.168.0.0/16，此时使用calico网络（如果设置错了部署calico 网络插件后coredns也运行不起来，会报错coredns Failed to list *v1.Endpoints，该错误解决办法参考https://blog.csdn.net/u011663005/article/details/87937800）：
- –image-repository：指定下载源
复制config文件
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
2.2.2 node节点
kubeadm join master:6443 --token f6e3hv.uk6ctfgehstt92jw \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9962caed607e31de7b93732347c1ac681f216c290e6b35f91f3f5d67cd12cbcf
2.3 安装Calico网络插件（master节点执行）
mkdir -p /root/i && cd /root/i
# 下载
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -o /root/i/calico.yaml
查看一下版本`v3.22.2`，如果不是替换不生效
# 修改镜像
sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/cni:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/cni:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/node:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/node:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
sed -i 's#docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.22.2#registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/kube-controllers:v3.22.2#' /root/i/calico.yaml
# 执行
kubectl apply -f /root/i/calico.yaml
等几分钟
[root@master i]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-57845f44bb-tpvbr 1/1 Running 0 79s
calico-node-fpfxj 1/1 Running 0 79s
calico-node-qcvqx 1/1 Running 0 79s
calico-node-r4gsf 1/1 Running 0 79s
coredns-6d8c4cb4d-7bclr 1/1 Running 0 29m
coredns-6d8c4cb4d-djwxf 1/1 Running 0 29m
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 29m
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 29m
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 29m
kube-proxy-pjkmd 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
kube-proxy-snb84 1/1 Running 0 7m46s
kube-proxy-tp7wm 1/1 Running 0 29m
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 29m
[root@master i]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane,master 29m v1.23.5
node1 Ready <none> 8m4s v1.23.5
node2 Ready <none> 7m53s v1.23.5
三. 安装其他工具
3.1 持久化存储 nfs
3.1.1 搭建NFS Server（随便安装那个节点，现在安装master节点）
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
#分配权限
mkdir /nfsdata && chmod 666 /nfsdata && chown nfsnobody /nfsdata
# 配置挂载
cat <<EOF> /etc/exports
/nfsdata *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)
EOF
# 启动
systemctl start rpcbind.service
systemctl enable rpcbind.service
systemctl start nfs.service
systemctl enable nfs.service
3.1.2 安装NFS客户端(所有node节点)
如果不安装，使用StorageClass的nfs-client 的自动配置程序，我们也叫它 Provisioner所在的node节点就会一直ContainerCreating
[root@master nfs-client]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nfs-client-provisioner-798cfd7476-zrndd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3m53s <none> node1 <none> <none>
安装
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
systemctl start rpcbind.service
systemctl enable rpcbind.service
systemctl start nfs.service
systemctl enable nfs.service
[root@node1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.4.27
Export list for 192.168.4.27:
/nfsdata *
3.1.3 安装nfs-client-provisioner
设置StorageClass，自动生成PV
nfs-rbac.yaml
cat <<EOF> nfs-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner
# replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
namespace: default #根据实际环境设定namespace,下面类同
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
resources: ["storageclasses"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["events"]
verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nfs-client-provisioner
# replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
namespace: default
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
# replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
namespace: default
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["endpoints"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nfs-client-provisioner
# replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
namespace: default
roleRef:
kind: Role
name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
nfs-storage.yaml
cat <<EOF> nfs-storage.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: nfs-storage
provisioner: nfs-storage #这里的名称要和provisioner配置文件中的环境变量PROVISIONER_NAME保持一致
parameters:
archiveOnDelete: "true"
reclaimPolicy: Retain
EOF
nfs-provisioner.yaml
cat <<EOF> nfs-provisioner.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner
labels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
# replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
namespace: default #与RBAC文件中的namespace保持一致
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
strategy:
type: Recreate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
containers:
- name: nfs-client-provisioner
#image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
#这里特别注意，在k8s-1.20以后版本中使用上面提供的包，并不好用，这里我折腾了好久，才解决，后来在官方的github上，别人提的问题中建议使用下面这个包才解决的，我这里是下载后，传到我自已的仓库里
#easzlab/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wanfei/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
volumeMounts:
- name: nfs-client-root
mountPath: /persistentvolumes
env:
- name: PROVISIONER_NAME
value: nfs-storage #provisioner名称,请确保该名称与 nfs-StorageClass.yaml文件中的provisioner名称保持一致
- name: NFS_SERVER
value: 192.168.4.27 #NFS Server IP地址
- name: NFS_PATH
value: "/nfsdata" #NFS挂载卷
volumes:
- name: nfs-client-root
nfs:
server: 192.168.4.27 #NFS Server IP地址
path: "/nfsdata" #NFS 挂载卷
EOF
安装
kubectl apply -f .
[root@master nfs-client]# kubectl get pods | grep nfs-client
nfs-client-provisioner-777fbf8b55-2ptbm 1/1 Running 0 34s
设置默认的StorageClass(有default)
kubectl patch storageclass nfs-storage -p '{ "metadata" : { "annotations" :{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class": "true"}}}'
[root@master ~]# kubectl get sc | grep nfs-storage
nfs-storage (default) nfs-storage Retain Immediate false 71s
# 取消default,值为"false"
kubectl patch storageclass nfs-storage -p '{ "metadata" : { "annotations" :{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class": "false"}}}'
3.2 安装helm
3.2.1 下载
[root@master helm]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.8.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
解压
[root@master helm]# tar -xvf helm-v3.8.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
linux-amd64/
linux-amd64/helm
linux-amd64/README.md
linux-amd64/LICENSE
3.2.2 安装
将helm移到/usr/local/bin目录
[root@master helm]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin
[root@master helm]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.8.1", GitCommit:"0ad800ef43d3b826f31a5ad8dfbb4fe05d143688", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.12"}
3.2.3 添加几个repo
helm repo add apphub https://apphub.aliyuncs.com
helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm repo update
# 例如搜索redis chart
[root@master helm]# helm search repo redis
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
apphub/prometheus-redis-exporter 3.2.2 1.3.4 Prometheus exporter for Redis metrics
apphub/redis 10.5.3 5.0.7 Open source, advanced key-value store. It is of...
apphub/redis-cache 0.5.0 4.0.12-alpine A pure in-memory redis cache, using statefulset...
apphub/redis-ha 4.3.3 5.0.6 Highly available Kubernetes implementation of R...
apphub/redis-operator 1.0.0 Redis Operator provides high availability redis...
apphub/redispapa 0.0.1 0.0.1 利用redis的info信息对redis的使用情况进行监控的一...
bitnami/redis 16.6.0 6.2.6 Redis(TM) is an open source, advanced key-value...
bitnami/redis-cluster 7.4.1 6.2.6 Redis(TM) is an open source, scalable, distribu...
stable/prometheus-redis-exporter 3.5.1 1.3.4 DEPRECATED Prometheus exporter for Redis metrics
stable/redis 10.5.7 5.0.7 DEPRECATED Open source, advanced key-value stor...
stable/redis-ha 4.4.6 5.0.6 DEPRECATED - Highly available Kubernetes implem...
stable/sensu 0.2.5 0.28 DEPRECATED Sensu monitoring framework backed by...
apphub/codis 3.2 3.2 A Helm chart for Codis
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