这份数据集来源于Kaggle，数据集有12500只猫和12500只狗。在这里简单介绍下整体思路
1. 处理数据
2. 设计神经网络
3. 进行训练测试
1. 数据处理
将图片数据处理为 tf 能够识别的数据格式，并将数据设计批次。
第一步get_files() 方法读取图片，然后根据图片名，添加猫狗 label，然后再将 image和label 放到 数组中，打乱顺序返回
将第一步处理好的图片 和label 数组 转化为 tensorflow 能够识别的格式，然后将图片裁剪和补充进行标准化处理，分批次返回。
import tensorflow as tfimport os
import numpy as npdef get_files(file_dir):
cats = []
label_cats = []
dogs = []
label_dogs = [] for file in os.listdir(file_dir):
name = file.split(sep='.') if 'cat' in name[0]:
cats.append(file_dir + file)
label_cats.append(0) else: if 'dog' in name[0]:
dogs.append(file_dir + file)
label_dogs.append(1)
image_list = np.hstack((cats,dogs))
label_list = np.hstack((label_cats,label_dogs)) # print('There are %d cats\nThere are %d dogs' %(len(cats), len(dogs)))
# 多个种类分别的时候需要把多个种类放在一起，打乱顺序,这里不需要
# 把标签和图片都放倒一个 temp 中 然后打乱顺序，然后取出来
temp = np.array([image_list,label_list])
temp = temp.transpose() # 打乱顺序
np.random.shuffle(temp) # 取出第一个元素作为 image 第二个元素作为 label
image_list = list(temp[:,0])
label_list = list(temp[:,1])
label_list = [int(i) for i in label_list]
return image_list,label_list# 测试 get_files# imgs , label = get_files('/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/testImg/')# for i in imgs:# print("img:",i)# for i in label:# print('label:',i)# 测试 get_files end# image_W ,image_H 指定图片大小，batch_size 每批读取的个数 ，capacity队列中 最多容纳元素的个数def get_batch(image,label,image_W,image_H,batch_size,capacity):
# 转换数据为 ts 能识别的格式
image = tf.cast(image,tf.string)
label = tf.cast(label, tf.int32) # 将image 和 label 放倒队列里
input_queue = tf.train.slice_input_producer([image,label])
label = input_queue[1] # 读取图片的全部信息
image_contents = tf.read_file(input_queue[0]) # 把图片解码，channels ＝3 为彩色图片, r，g ，b 黑白图片为 1 ，也可以理解为图片的厚度
image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_contents,channels =3) # 将图片以图片中心进行裁剪或者扩充为 指定的image_W，image_H
image = tf.image.resize_image_with_crop_or_pad(image, image_W, image_H) # 对数据进行标准化,标准化，就是减去它的均值，除以他的方差
image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image) # 生成批次 num_threads 有多少个线程根据电脑配置设置 capacity 队列中 最多容纳图片的个数 tf.train.shuffle_batch 打乱顺序，
image_batch, label_batch = tf.train.batch([image, label],batch_size = batch_size, num_threads = 64, capacity = capacity) # 重新定义下 label_batch 的形状
label_batch = tf.reshape(label_batch , [batch_size]) # 转化图片
image_batch = tf.cast(image_batch,tf.float32) return image_batch, label_batch# test get_batch# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt# BATCH_SIZE = 2# CAPACITY = 256 # IMG_W = 208# IMG_H = 208# train_dir = '/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/testImg/'# image_list, label_list = get_files(train_dir)# image_batch, label_batch = get_batch(image_list, label_list, IMG_W, IMG_H, BATCH_SIZE, CAPACITY)# with tf.Session() as sess:# i = 0# # Coordinator 和 start_queue_runners 监控 queue 的状态，不停的入队出队# coord = tf.train.Coordinator()# threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord)# # coord.should_stop() 返回 true 时也就是 数据读完了应该调用 coord.request_stop()# try: # while not coord.should_stop() and i<1:# # 测试一个步# img, label = sess.run([image_batch, label_batch])# for j in np.arange(BATCH_SIZE):# print('label: %d' %label[j])# # 因为是个4D 的数据所以第一个为 索引 其他的为冒号就行了# plt.imshow(img[j,:,:,:])# plt.show()# i+=1# # 队列中没有数据# except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:# print('done!')# finally:# coord.request_stop()# coord.join(threads)
# sess.close()2. 设计神经网络
利用卷积神经网路处理，网络结构为
# conv1 卷积层 1# pooling1_lrn 池化层 1# conv2 卷积层 2# pooling2_lrn 池化层 2# local3 全连接层 1# local4 全连接层 2# softmax 全连接层 31234567
#coding=utf-8 import tensorflow as tf
def inference(images, batch_size, n_classes):
with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope:
# 卷积盒的为 3*3 的卷积盒，图片厚度是3，输出是16个featuremap
weights = tf.get_variable('weights',
shape=[3, 3, 3, 16],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1, dtype=tf.float32))
biases = tf.get_variable('biases',
shape=[16],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(images, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name=scope.name)
with tf.variable_scope('pooling1_lrn') as scope:
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling1')
norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm1')
with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope:
weights = tf.get_variable('weights',
shape=[3, 3, 16, 16],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1, dtype=tf.float32))
biases = tf.get_variable('biases',
shape=[16],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name='conv2')
# pool2 and norm2
with tf.variable_scope('pooling2_lrn') as scope:
norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm2')
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling2')
with tf.variable_scope('local3') as scope:
reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, shape=[batch_size, -1])
dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value
weights = tf.get_variable('weights',
shape=[dim, 128],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32))
biases = tf.get_variable('biases',
shape=[128],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weights) + biases, name=scope.name)
# local4
with tf.variable_scope('local4') as scope:
weights = tf.get_variable('weights',
shape=[128, 128],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32))
biases = tf.get_variable('biases',
shape=[128],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))
local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weights) + biases, name='local4')
# softmax
with tf.variable_scope('softmax_linear') as scope:
weights = tf.get_variable('softmax_linear',
shape=[128, n_classes],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32))
biases = tf.get_variable('biases',
shape=[n_classes],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1))
softmax_linear = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weights), biases, name='softmax_linear')
return softmax_linear
def losses(logits, labels):
with tf.variable_scope('loss') as scope:
cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits \
(logits=logits, labels=labels, name='xentropy_per_example')
loss = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='loss')
tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/loss', loss)
return loss
def trainning(loss, learning_rate):
with tf.name_scope('optimizer'):
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate= learning_rate)
global_step = tf.Variable(0, name='global_step', trainable=False)
train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step= global_step)
return train_op
def evaluation(logits, labels):
with tf.variable_scope('accuracy') as scope:
correct = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, labels, 1)
correct = tf.cast(correct, tf.float16)
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(correct)
tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/accuracy', accuracy)
return accuracy3. 训练数据，并将训练的模型存储
import os
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import input_data
import model
N_CLASSES = 2 # 2个输出神经元，［1，0］ 或者 ［0，1］猫和狗的概率IMG_W = 208 # 重新定义图片的大小，图片如果过大则训练比较慢 IMG_H = 208 BATCH_SIZE = 32 #每批数据的大小CAPACITY = 256 MAX_STEP = 15000 # 训练的步数，应当 >= 10000learning_rate = 0.0001 # 学习率，建议刚开始的 learning_rate <= 0.0001def run_training():
# 数据集
train_dir = '/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/img/' #My dir--20170727-csq
#logs_train_dir 存放训练模型的过程的数据，在tensorboard 中查看
logs_train_dir = '/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/saveNet/'
# 获取图片和标签集
train, train_label = input_data.get_files(train_dir)
# 生成批次
train_batch, train_label_batch = input_data.get_batch(train,
train_label,
IMG_W,
IMG_H,
BATCH_SIZE,
CAPACITY) # 进入模型
train_logits = model.inference(train_batch, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES)
# 获取 loss
train_loss = model.losses(train_logits, train_label_batch) # 训练
train_op = model.trainning(train_loss, learning_rate) # 获取准确率
train__acc = model.evaluation(train_logits, train_label_batch)
# 合并 summary
summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all()
sess = tf.Session() # 保存summary
train_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(logs_train_dir, sess.graph)
saver = tf.train.Saver()
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
coord = tf.train.Coordinator()
threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord)
try:
for step in np.arange(MAX_STEP):
if coord.should_stop():
break
_, tra_loss, tra_acc = sess.run([train_op, train_loss, train__acc])
if step % 50 == 0:
print('Step %d, train loss = %.2f, train accuracy = %.2f%%' %(step, tra_loss, tra_acc*100.0))
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
train_writer.add_summary(summary_str, step)
if step % 2000 == 0 or (step + 1) == MAX_STEP:
# 每隔2000步保存一下模型，模型保存在 checkpoint_path 中
checkpoint_path = os.path.join(logs_train_dir, 'model.ckpt')
saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=step)
except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:
print('Done training -- epoch limit reached')
finally:
coord.request_stop()
coord.join(threads)
sess.close()
# trainrun_training()４. 训练后的模型应该如何使用
逻辑：
1. 从网上下载了十几张猫和狗的图片，用于检验训练好的模型。
2. 处理下载的图片
3. 加载模型
4. 将图片输入模型进行检验
代码如下：
#coding=utf-8 import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport input_data
import numpy as npimport modelimport os
#从指定目录中选取一张图片 def get_one_image(train):
files = os.listdir(train)
n = len(files)
ind = np.random.randint(0,n)
img_dir = os.path.join(train,files[ind])
image = Image.open(img_dir)
plt.imshow(image)
plt.show()
image = image.resize([208, 208])
image = np.array(image) return image
def evaluate_one_image():
#存放的是我从百度下载的猫狗图片路径
train = '/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/testImg/'
image_array = get_one_image(train)
with tf.Graph().as_default():
BATCH_SIZE = 1 # 因为只读取一副图片 所以batch 设置为1
N_CLASSES = 2 # 2个输出神经元，［1，0］ 或者 ［0，1］猫和狗的概率
# 转化图片格式
image = tf.cast(image_array, tf.float32)
# 图片标准化
image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image) # 图片原来是三维的 [208, 208, 3] 重新定义图片形状 改为一个4D 四维的 tensor
image = tf.reshape(image, [1, 208, 208, 3])
logit = model.inference(image, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES)
# 因为 inference 的返回没有用激活函数，所以在这里对结果用softmax 激活
logit = tf.nn.softmax(logit)
# 用最原始的输入数据的方式向模型输入数据 placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[208, 208, 3])
# 我门存放模型的路径
logs_train_dir = '/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/saveNet/'
# 定义saver
saver = tf.train.Saver()
with tf.Session() as sess:
print("从指定的路径中加载模型。。。。") # 将模型加载到sess 中
ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(logs_train_dir)
if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path:
global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1]
saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
print('模型加载成功, 训练的步数为 %s' % global_step)
else:
print('模型加载失败，，，文件没有找到')
# 将图片输入到模型计算
prediction = sess.run(logit, feed_dict={x: image_array}) # 获取输出结果中最大概率的索引
max_index = np.argmax(prediction)
if max_index==0:
print('猫的概率 %.6f' %prediction[:, 0])
else:
print('狗的概率 %.6f' %prediction[:, 1])
# 测试evaluate_one_image()/Users/yangyibo/GitWork/pythonLean/AI/猫狗识别/testImg/ 存放的是我从百度下载的猫狗图片 
执行结果：
因为从testimg 中选取图片是随机的，所以每次执行的结果不同
从指定的路径中加载模型。。。。 模型加载成功, 训练的步数为 11999狗的概率 0.964047[Finished in 6.8s]
（第４部分）完整代码地址：
https://github.com/527515025/My-TensorFlow-tutorials/tree/master/%E7%8C%AB%E7%8B%97%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB
训练数据集：
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o9yfRCI 密码: mvge
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