TIPS
本文基于MySQL 8.0.22
分析锁的三种方式
-
方式1:
show status like '%innodb_row_lock%';
可查看行锁相关的统计信息
-
方式2:
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;
关注结果中 TRANSACTIONS 段落
-
方式3:利用锁、事务相关的表
锁相关的表
MySQL主要有三张和锁有关的表,不同的版本,表还不太一样,这里我列出来了:
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_TRX表结构
参考: 官方文档
- TRX_ID:InnoDB存储引擎内部唯一的事务ID
- TRX_WEIGHT:事务的权重,反映了一个事务修改和锁住的行数。在InnoDB存储引擎中,当发生死锁需要回滚时,InnoDB存储引擎会选择该值最小事务的进行回滚
- TRX_STATE:当前事务的状态
- TRX_STARTED:事务的开始时间
- TRX_REQUESTED_LOCK_ID:当trx_state的状态为LOCK WAIT时,表示当前事务正在等待的锁ID,否则记为NULL。如果想获得更详细的信息,可将该字段和PERFORMANCE.DATA_LOCKS联系起来
- TRX_WAIT_STARTED:当trx_state的状态为LOCK WAIT时,表示当前事务开始等待的时间,否则记为NULL
- TRX_MYSQL_THREAD_ID:MySQL中的线程ID,SHOW PROCESSLIST显示的结果
- TRX_QUERY:事务运行的SQL语句
- TRX_OPERATION_STATE:事务当前的操作
- TRX_TABLES_IN_USE:事务使用的表的个数
- TRX_TABLES_LOCKED:当前SQL语句中拥有行锁的表数目
- TRX_LOCK_STRUCTS:事务保留的锁数目
- TRX_LOCK_MEMORY_BYTES:内存中此事务的锁占用的内存总大小
- TRX_ROWS_LOCKED:此事务大约锁定的行数。这个值可能包含物理存在的、已标记为删除但对事务不可见的记录
- TRX_ROWS_MODIFIED:此事务中修改和插入记录的数目
- TRX_CONCURRENCY_TICKETS:表示一个事务被swap out之前可以做多少工作,由innodb_concurrency_tickets参数决定
- TRX_ISOLATION_LEVEL:当前事务的隔离级别
- TRX_UNIQUE_CHECKS:当前事务是否开启了唯一性检查
- TRX_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS:当前事务是否开启了外键检查
- TRX_LAST_FOREIGN_KEY_ERROR:展示最后一个外键错误的详细错误信息
- TRX_ADAPTIVE_HASH_LATCHED:自适应hash索引是否被当前事务锁定
- TRX_ADAPTIVE_HASH_TIMEOUT:是否要立即放弃搜索自适应hash的锁,还是继续保留。如果没有自适应hash索引争用时,此值是0,争用期间则倒计时到0,并在语句在每次行查找之后立即释放锁
- TRX_IS_READ_ONLY:值1表示事务是只读的
- TRX_AUTOCOMMIT_NON_LOCKING:值为1表示事务是一个没有使用FOR UPDATE或LOCK IN SHARE MODE子句的SELECT语句,当此值和TRX_IS_READ_ONLY都为1时,innodb会优化事务从而减少更改表事务相关的开销
- TRX_SCHEDULE_WEIGHT:由争用感知事务调度(CATS)算法分配给等待锁的事务的事务调度权重,值越大权重越大,此值仅为TRX_STATE字段是LOCK WAIT的事务计算,否则为NULL
PERFORMANCE.DATA_LOCKS表结构
参考: 官方文档
- ENGINE:持有或请求锁定的存储引擎
- ENGINE_LOCK_ID:存储引擎持有或请求的锁的ID,锁ID格式是内部的,随时可能更改。
- ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID:请求锁定的事务存储引擎内部ID,可以将其视为锁的所有者
- THREAD_ID:对应事务的线程ID,如果需要获取更详细的信息,需要关联threads表的THREAD_ID
- EVENT_ID:指明造成锁的EVENT_ID,THREAD_ID+EVENT_ID对应parent EVENT,可以在以下几张表内获得信息
-
- events_waits_xx表查看等待事件
- events_stages_xxx查看到了哪个阶段
- events_statements_xx表查看对应的SQL语句
- events_transactions_current对应查看事务信息
- OBJECT_SCHEMA:对应锁表的schema名称
- OBJECT_NAME:对应锁的表名
- PARTITION_NAME:对应锁的分区名
- SUBPARTITION_NAME:对应锁的子分区名
- INDEX_NAME:锁对应的索引名称,InnoDB表不会为NULL
- OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN:锁对应的内存地址
- LOCK_TYPE:对应的锁类型,对InnoDB而言,可为表锁或者行锁
- LOCK_MODE:锁模式,对应值可能为S[,GAP], X[, GAP], IS[,GAP], IX[,GAP], AUTO_INC和UNKNOWN
- LOCK_STATUS:锁状态,可能为GRANTED或者WAITING
- LOCK_DATA:锁对应的数据,例如如果锁定的是主键,那么该列对应的就是加锁的主键值
PERFORMANCE.DATA_LOCKS_WAITS表结构
参考: 官方文档
- ENGINE:请求的锁的引擎
- REQUESTING_ENGINE_LOCK_ID:请求的锁在存储引擎中的锁ID
- REQUESTING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID:请求锁的事务对应的事务ID
- REQUESTING_THREAD_ID:请求锁的线程ID
- REQUESTING_EVENT_ID:请求锁的EVENT ID
- REQUESTING_OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN:请求的锁的内存地址
- BLOCKING_ENGINE_LOCK_ID:阻塞的锁的ID,对应data_locks表的ENGINE_LOCK_ID列
- BLOCKING_ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID:锁阻塞的事务ID
- BLOCKING_THREAD_ID:锁阻塞的线程ID
- BLOCKING_EVENT_ID:锁阻塞的EVENT ID
- BLOCKING_OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN:阻塞的锁内存地址
实操
准备
步骤 | Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | set innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10000; | set innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10000; | set innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10000; |
2 | BEGIN; SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id = 1 FOR UPDATE; |
- | - |
3 | - | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id >= 1 FOR UPDATE; | - |
4 | - | - | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id <=1 FOR UPDATE; |
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;
...
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 2548
Purge done for trx's n:o < 2528 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle
History list length 0
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 562948624083704, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 562948624079424, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 562948624078568, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 2547, ACTIVE 13 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 4157, OS thread handle 281473501401136, query id 23214 localhost root executing
SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id <=1 FOR UPDATE
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 13 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 19 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `test`.`test_isolation` trx id 2547 lock_mode X waiting
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;
1: len 6; hex 00000000097f; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 810000011b0110; asc ;;
3: len 5; hex 7465737431; asc test1;;
...
show status like ‘innodb_row_lock%’;
mysql> show status like 'innodb_row_lock%';
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| Innodb_row_lock_current_waits | 2 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time | 24967703 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time_avg | 567447 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time_max | 6453606 |
| Innodb_row_lock_waits | 44 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.08 sec)
- Innodb_row_lock_current_waits:当前正在等待锁的事务数量
- Innodb_row_lock_time:从系统启动到现在发生锁定的总时间
- Innodb_row_lock_time_avg:从系统启动到现在发生锁等待的平均时间
- Innodb_row_lock_time_max:从系统启动到现在发生锁等待的最大时间
- Innodb_row_lock_waits:从系统启动到现在发生等待的次数
查看事务的情况
select *
from information_schema.INNODB_TRX;
锁的情况
select *
from performance_schema.data_locks;
里面可以看到锁的情况,例如锁的类型、状态等信息
锁的等待情况
select *
from performance_schema.data_lock_waits;
事务与锁情况分析
用如下命令,可分析事务等待状况:
SELECT
r.trx_id waiting_trx_id,
r.trx_mysql_thread_id waiting_thread,
r.trx_query waiting_query,
b.trx_id blocking_trx_id,
b.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_thread,
b.trx_query blocking_query
FROM performance_schema.data_lock_waits w
INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx b
ON b.trx_id = w.blocking_engine_transaction_id
INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx r
ON r.trx_id = w.requesting_engine_transaction_id;
或者简单一点,用如下命令,也可达到相同效果:
SELECT
waiting_trx_id,
waiting_pid,
waiting_query,
blocking_trx_id,
blocking_pid,
blocking_query
FROM sys.innodb_lock_waits;
结果如下:
waiting_trx_id | waiting_thread | waiting_query | blocking_trx_id | blocking_thread | blocking_query |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2486 | 4017 | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id <=1 FOR UPDATE | 2484 | 4019 | NULL |
2486 | 4017 | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id <=1 FOR UPDATE | 2485 | 4018 | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id >= 1 FOR UPDATE |
2485 | 4018 | SELECT * FROM test_isolation where id >= 1 FOR UPDATE | 2484 | 4019 | NULL |
分析其中的waiting_query 和 blocking_query字段,可知:
- Session 2(trx id 2485, thread id 4018)、Session 3(trx id 2486, thread id 4017)都在等待Session 1(trx id 2484, thread id 4019)
- Session 3同时在等待Session 1及Session 2
杀死锁(强制释放掉锁)
kill {processlist id}
例如,processlist id可以:
- 从
show processlist
结果中获取 - information_schema.innodb_trx表的trx_mysql_thread_id字段
- 上面表格中的waiting_thread、blocking_thread
- sys.innodb_lock_waits视图的blocking_pid字段
解决blocking_query结果是NULL的问题
如果发出命令的Session空闲时,information_schema.innodb_trx表的trx_query字段会记录NULL。
因此,上面的Session 1的blocking_query字段值是NULL,可用如下步骤找到其执行的SQL。
-
information_schema.innodb_trx表的trx_mysql_thread_id字段(或sys.innodb_locak_waits表的blocking_pid字段)是被阻塞事务的processlist ID
-
通过processlist ID到performance_schema.threads表查询被阻塞事务的THREAD_ID
SELECT THREAD_ID FROM performance_schema.threads WHERE PROCESSLIST_ID = {上一步得到的PROCESSLIST_ID};
-
使用THREAD_ID,到performance_schema.events_statements_current表中查询指定THREAD_ID的数据(该线程最新执行的命令),例如:
SELECT THREAD_ID, SQL_TEXT FROM performance_schema.events_statements_current WHERE THREAD_ID = {上一步获得的THREAD_ID}
-
如果通过上一条SQL未能查到数据,那可以到performance_schema.events_statements_history表中查询指定THREAD_ID的数据(该线程最近执行的10条命令)
SELECT THREAD_ID, SQL_TEXT FROM performance_schema.events_statements_history WHERE THREAD_ID = 28 ORDER BY EVENT_ID;
共同学习,写下你的评论
评论加载中...
作者其他优质文章