定义:
用于提供一个不需要指定具体的类就能去创建一系列相互关联的对象的接口。
UML图:
参与者:
这种设计模式的参与者:
1、抽象工厂(AbstractFactory):声明一个创建抽象产品操作的接口
2、具体工厂(ConcreteFactory):实现创建具体产品的操作方法
3、抽象产品(AbstractProduct):为产品类型对象声明的接口
4、产品(Product):1、实现AbstractProduct;2、定义将由ConcreteFactory创建的产品对象。
5、客户端(Client ):使用AbstractFactory和AbstractProduct类声明的接口
示例:
下面代码使用抽象工厂模式创建同一个层次的对象。对象创建过程被抽象出来了,在Client代码中没有使用对象的类。
1 class Program 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 5 /// Entry point into console application. 6 7 /// </summary> 8 9 public static void Main() 10 { 11 12 // Abstract factory #1 13 14 AbstractFactory factory1 = new ConcreteFactory1(); 15 16 Client client1 = new Client(factory1); 17 18 client1.Run(); 19 20 21 22 // Abstract factory #2 23 24 AbstractFactory factory2 = new ConcreteFactory2(); 25 26 Client client2 = new Client(factory2); 27 28 client2.Run(); 29 30 31 32 // Wait for user input 33 34 Console.ReadKey(); 35 36 } 37 38 } 39 40 41 42 /// <summary> 43 44 /// The 'AbstractFactory' abstract class 45 46 /// </summary> 47 48 abstract class AbstractFactory 49 { 50 51 public abstract AbstractProductA CreateProductA(); 52 53 public abstract AbstractProductB CreateProductB(); 54 55 } 56 57 58 59 60 61 /// <summary> 62 63 /// The 'ConcreteFactory1' class 64 65 /// </summary> 66 67 class ConcreteFactory1 : AbstractFactory 68 { 69 70 public override AbstractProductA CreateProductA() 71 { 72 73 return new ProductA1(); 74 75 } 76 77 public override AbstractProductB CreateProductB() 78 { 79 80 return new ProductB1(); 81 82 } 83 84 } 85 86 87 88 /// <summary> 89 90 /// The 'ConcreteFactory2' class 91 92 /// </summary> 93 94 class ConcreteFactory2 : AbstractFactory 95 { 96 97 public override AbstractProductA CreateProductA() 98 { 99 100 return new ProductA2(); 101 102 } 103 104 public override AbstractProductB CreateProductB() 105 { 106 107 return new ProductB2(); 108 109 } 110 111 } 112 113 114 115 /// <summary> 116 117 /// The 'AbstractProductA' abstract class 118 119 /// </summary> 120 121 abstract class AbstractProductA 122 { 123 124 } 125 126 127 128 /// <summary> 129 130 /// The 'AbstractProductB' abstract class 131 132 /// </summary> 133 134 abstract class AbstractProductB 135 { 136 137 public abstract void Interact(AbstractProductA a); 138 139 } 140 141 142 143 144 145 /// <summary> 146 147 /// The 'ProductA1' class 148 149 /// </summary> 150 151 class ProductA1 : AbstractProductA 152 { 153 154 } 155 156 157 158 /// <summary> 159 160 /// The 'ProductB1' class 161 162 /// </summary> 163 164 class ProductB1 : AbstractProductB 165 { 166 167 public override void Interact(AbstractProductA a) 168 { 169 170 Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name + 171 172 " interacts with " + a.GetType().Name); 173 174 } 175 176 } 177 178 179 180 /// <summary> 181 182 /// The 'ProductA2' class 183 184 /// </summary> 185 186 class ProductA2 : AbstractProductA 187 { 188 189 } 190 191 192 193 /// <summary> 194 195 /// The 'ProductB2' class 196 197 /// </summary> 198 199 class ProductB2 : AbstractProductB 200 { 201 202 public override void Interact(AbstractProductA a) 203 { 204 205 Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name + 206 207 " interacts with " + a.GetType().Name); 208 209 } 210 211 } 212 213 214 215 /// <summary> 216 217 /// The 'Client' class. Interaction environment for the products. 218 219 /// </summary> 220 221 class Client 222 { 223 224 private AbstractProductA _abstractProductA; 225 226 private AbstractProductB _abstractProductB; 227 228 229 230 // Constructor 231 232 public Client(AbstractFactory factory) 233 { 234 235 _abstractProductB = factory.CreateProductB(); 236 237 _abstractProductA = factory.CreateProductA(); 238 239 } 240 241 242 243 public void Run() 244 { 245 246 _abstractProductB.Interact(_abstractProductA); 247 248 } 249 250 251 252 253 }
结果:
下面代码是一款计算机游戏使用不同的工厂创建不同的动物世界。虽然由Continent工厂创建的动物不同,但是动物之间的关联仍然是相同的。
1 class MainApp 2 { 3 4 /// <summary> 5 6 /// Entry point into console application. 7 8 /// </summary> 9 10 public static void Main() 11 { 12 13 // Create and run the African animal world 14 15 ContinentFactory africa = new AfricaFactory(); 16 17 AnimalWorld world = new AnimalWorld(africa); 18 19 world.RunFoodChain(); 20 21 22 23 // Create and run the American animal world 24 25 ContinentFactory america = new AmericaFactory(); 26 27 world = new AnimalWorld(america); 28 29 world.RunFoodChain(); 30 31 32 33 // Wait for user input 34 35 Console.ReadKey(); 36 37 } 38 39 } 40 41 42 43 44 45 /// <summary> 46 47 /// The 'AbstractFactory' abstract class 48 49 /// </summary> 50 51 abstract class ContinentFactory 52 { 53 54 public abstract Herbivore CreateHerbivore(); 55 56 public abstract Carnivore CreateCarnivore(); 57 58 } 59 60 61 62 /// <summary> 63 64 /// The 'ConcreteFactory1' class 65 66 /// </summary> 67 68 class AfricaFactory : ContinentFactory 69 { 70 71 public override Herbivore CreateHerbivore() 72 { 73 74 return new Wildebeest(); 75 76 } 77 78 public override Carnivore CreateCarnivore() 79 { 80 81 return new Lion(); 82 83 } 84 85 } 86 87 88 89 /// <summary> 90 91 /// The 'ConcreteFactory2' class 92 93 /// </summary> 94 95 class AmericaFactory : ContinentFactory 96 { 97 98 public override Herbivore CreateHerbivore() 99 { 100 101 return new Bison(); 102 103 } 104 105 public override Carnivore CreateCarnivore() 106 { 107 108 return new Wolf(); 109 110 } 111 112 } 113 114 115 116 /// <summary> 117 118 /// The 'AbstractProductA' abstract class 119 120 /// </summary> 121 122 abstract class Herbivore 123 { 124 125 } 126 127 128 129 /// <summary> 130 131 /// The 'AbstractProductB' abstract class 132 133 /// </summary> 134 135 abstract class Carnivore 136 { 137 138 public abstract void Eat(Herbivore h); 139 140 } 141 142 143 144 /// <summary> 145 146 /// The 'ProductA1' class 147 148 /// </summary> 149 150 class Wildebeest : Herbivore 151 { 152 153 } 154 155 156 157 /// <summary> 158 159 /// The 'ProductB1' class 160 161 /// </summary> 162 163 class Lion : Carnivore 164 { 165 166 public override void Eat(Herbivore h) 167 { 168 169 // Eat Wildebeest 170 171 Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name + 172 173 " eats " + h.GetType().Name); 174 175 } 176 177 } 178 179 180 181 /// <summary> 182 183 /// The 'ProductA2' class 184 185 /// </summary> 186 187 class Bison : Herbivore 188 { 189 190 } 191 192 193 194 /// <summary> 195 196 /// The 'ProductB2' class 197 198 /// </summary> 199 200 class Wolf : Carnivore 201 { 202 203 public override void Eat(Herbivore h) 204 { 205 206 // Eat Bison 207 208 Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name + 209 210 " eats " + h.GetType().Name); 211 212 } 213 214 } 215 216 217 218 /// <summary> 219 220 /// The 'Client' class 221 222 /// </summary> 223 224 class AnimalWorld 225 { 226 227 private Herbivore _herbivore; 228 229 private Carnivore _carnivore; 230 231 232 233 // Constructor 234 235 public AnimalWorld(ContinentFactory factory) 236 { 237 238 _carnivore = factory.CreateCarnivore(); 239 240 _herbivore = factory.CreateHerbivore(); 241 242 } 243 244 245 246 public void RunFoodChain() 247 { 248 249 _carnivore.Eat(_herbivore); 250 251 } 252 253 }
结果:
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