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docker操作运行一步一步来

标签:
Docker


环境:CentOS 6.5 64位

https://registry.hub.docker.com/  

https://www.gitbook.com/book/yeasy/docker_practice/details  Docker —— 从入门到实践

http://yuedu.baidu.com/ebook/d817967416fc700abb68fca1?fr=aladdin&key=docker&f=read&qq-pf-to=pcqq.group Docker终极指南

http://dockerpool.com/books

此版本现在安装运行有一定的问题,建议到此链接docker初学跟我来

docker安装

# yum install docker-io  最新为1.5的版本

如果没有安源,先安装http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 

# service docker restart

# ps aux|grep docker |grep -v grep

root      2470  1.4  2.0 365780 15640 pts/0    Sl   17:17   0:00 /usr/bin/docker -d

# docker --help  #查看docker的命令

# docker info

# docker version

Client version: 1.5.0

Client API version: 1.17

Go version (client): go1.3.3

Git commit (client): a8a31ef/1.5.0

OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64

Server version: 1.5.0

Server API version: 1.17

Go version (server): go1.3.3

Git commit (server): a8a31ef/1.5.0

安装一个centos容器

# docker search ubuntu                   #搜索ubuntu镜像

 

[root@manager ~]# docker search centos   #搜索centos镜像

NAME                                 DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

centos                               The official build of CentOS.                   1024      [OK]       

ansible/centos7-ansible              Ansible on Centos7                              42                   [OK]

tutum/centos                         Centos p_w_picpath with SSH access. For the root...   13                   [OK]

blalor/centos                        Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 p_w_picpath                9                    [OK]

  

[root@manager ~]# docker pull tutum/centos  #拉取一个docker镜像到本地

Pulling repository tutum/centos

8daafe0f270b: Download complete 

6941bfcbbfca: Download complete 

41459f052977: Download complete 

fd44297e2ddb: Download complete 

e22c88592c50: Download complete 

ffce4358d6e4: Download complete 

5f0574f254a5: Download complete 

77ad887d94d4: Download complete 

009a97f615dc: Download complete 

1d9e8ea240cb: Download complete 

1f071815e864: Download complete 

Status: Downloaded newer p_w_picpath for tutum/centos:latest

[root@manager ~]# docker p_w_picpaths          #查看镜像,这样就可以了

REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE

tutum/centos           latest              8daafe0f270b        13 days ago         292.2 MB

下面说docker容器的运行,ssh登录进去

[root@manager ~]# docker run -it tutum/centos /bin/bash  #开始运行一个docker

[root@4c7fb1a01e9a /]# ls             #根目录下有个run.sh,是开启ssh服务的

bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run     sbin            srv  tmp  var

dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  run.sh  set_root_pw.sh  sys  usr

 

[root@81b5869f7934 /]# cat run.sh 

#!/bin/bash

 

if [ "${AUTHORIZED_KEYS}" != "**None**" ]; then

    echo "=> Found authorized keys"

    mkdir -p /root/.ssh

    chmod 700 /root/.ssh

    touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

    chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

    IFS=$'\n'

    arr=$(echo ${AUTHORIZED_KEYS} | tr "," "\n")

    for x in $arr

    do

        x=$(echo $x |sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ *$//')

        cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys | grep "$x" >/dev/null 2>&1

        if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then

            echo "=> Adding public key to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys: $x"

            echo "$x" >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

        fi

    done

fi

 

if [ ! -f /.root_pw_set ]; then

    /set_root_pw.sh

fi

exec /usr/sbin/sshd -D

 

[root@81b5869f7934 /]# cat set_root_pw.sh 

#!/bin/bash

 

if [ -f /.root_pw_set ]; then

    echo "Root password already set!"

    exit 0

fi

 

PASS=${ROOT_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 12 1)}

_word=$( [ ${ROOT_PASS} ] && echo "preset" || echo "random" )

echo "=> Setting a ${_word} password to the root user"

echo "root:$PASS" | chpasswd

  

echo "=> Done!"

touch /.root_pw_set

   

echo "========================================================================"

echo "You can now connect to this CentOS container via SSH using:"

echo ""

echo "    ssh -p <port> root@<host>"

echo "and enter the root password '$PASS' when prompted"

echo ""

echo "Please remember to change the above password as soon as possible!"

echo "========================================================================"

#需要对ssh配置做如下改动 

[root@87d9ae33bd8b /]# sed -ri 's/UsePAM yes/#UsePAM yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

[root@87d9ae33bd8b /]# sed -ri 's/#UsePAM no/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#先不要退出

#这时候需要新开或复制一下这个ssh,进行下面操作:

[root@manager ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

87d9ae33bd8b       

 tutum/centos:latest   "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About

 a minute   22/tcp              elegant_hodgkin     

 

 [root@manager ~]# docker commit 87d9ae33bd8b new_centos

aaf36507c751aed68eb2589136cc5ade1b6f062a18fe00733a10afa3780e5c91

 

[root@manager ~]# docker p_w_picpaths

REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE

new_centos             latest              aaf36507c751        6 seconds ago       292.2 MB

[root@manager ~]# docker run -d -p 0.0.0.0:2222:22 new_centos /run.sh

683198a36fcbb8d95cbe63d70c0daa1dc81d0bce9ebd304b731e20aef77cb0ff

 

[root@manager ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES

683198a36fcb       

 new_centos:latest   "/run.sh"           3 seconds ago       Up 1 

seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   reverent_jang       

 

[root@manager ~]# docker logs 683198a36fcb 2>&1 |grep '^and enter'

and enter the root password 'I2ihX1Fj4Aq2' when prompted

 

[root@manager ~]# ssh -p 2222 root@localhost

root@localhost's password:             #密码即是上面写的'I2ihX1Fj4Aq2'

 

[root@683198a36fcb ~]# ls /

bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run     sbin            srv  tmp  var

dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  run.sh  set_root_pw.sh  sys  usr

为什么会有些麻烦? 

原因在于如果你是Ubuntu的系统,直接就可以使用了;然而centos的系统需要在ssh配置里面把“UsePAM yes”禁用才可以ssh登录,刚开始一直卡到这里:

[root@manager ~]# ssh -p 2222 root@localhost

root@localhost's password: 

Connection to localhost closed.

 

也可以先下载centos的镜像包,这样就不会出现问题:

# wget https://github.com/tutumcloud/tutum-centos/archive/master.zip

# unzip tutum-centos-master.zip

# cd tutum-centos-master

# docker build -t tutum/centos:centos6 centos6 

#这一步是构建docker镜像,是根据Dockerfile文件执行操作指令,可以根据自己的需求修改Dockerfile

# cat centos6/Dockerfile 

FROM centos:centos6

MAINTAINER Feng Honglin <hfeng@tutum.co>

RUN yum -y install openssh-server epel-release && \

    yum -y install pwgen && \

    rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key && \

    ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key && \

    ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key && \

    sed -i "s/#UsePrivilegeSeparation.*/UsePrivilegeSeparation no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \

    sed -i "s/UsePAM.*/UsePAM no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

ADD set_root_pw.sh /set_root_pw.sh              #把本地脚本复制到docker里面

ADD run.sh /run.sh

RUN chmod +x /*.sh                              #执行命令

ENV AUTHORIZED_KEYS **None**                    #设置环境变量

EXPOSE 22                                       #对外22端口

CMD ["/run.sh"]

# docker p_w_picpaths    #查看构建的docker镜像

  

 #给docker的内存设置为最大100M,cpu使用率不超过50%,本地40000端口映射到docker的22端口

[root@manager ~]# docker run -m 100m -c 512 -d -p 40000:22 new_centos /run.sh 

566d0985af12d1a8aadfc39e94cf826a053347f1bec4084ee4b81476dcf4e7d1

 

[root@manager ~]# docker ps     #查看运行的docker   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESe10324ba99ca       

 centos:centos6      "/bin/bash"         38 minutes ago      Up 38 

minutes                           elegant_lalande

 

docker容器安装nginx

ssh进入容器后,安装一个nginx

# yum install nginx -y

# /usr/sbin/nginx

# ps aux|grep nginx

root       154  0.0  0.2 109392  2136 ?        Ss   03:28   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx

nginx      155  0.0  0.3 109812  3000 ?        S    03:28   0:00 nginx: worker process

到这里,大家应该就明白以后怎么继续做了,具体怎么配置docker的容器,生成自己定制的一套环境,大家各自大显身手,这篇是希望通过这些步骤明白docker具体的操作方法

 

 

tutum/centos 这个镜像也可以这么玩,先设定密码或者私钥:

# docker run -d -p 2222:22 -e ROOT_PASS='mypass' new_centos /run.sh

# docker ps

CONTAINER ID      IMAGE         COMMAND      CREATED   STATUS    PORTS                  NAMES

fdf9c04e3d60        new_centos:latest   "/run.sh"           5 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   determined_feynman

# ssh -p 2222 root@localhost

[root@fdf9c04e3d60 ~]# cat /etc/centos-release

CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

tutum/centos  差点忘说了,这个版本的容器是centos 7.1

或者用私钥登录

docker run -d -p 2222:22 -e AUTHORIZED_KEYS="`cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`" new_centos /run.sh

docker的常用命令

# docker pull <镜像名:tag>               #拉取一个镜像

# docker p_w_picpaths                          #查看p_w_picpaths

# docker run -i -t p_w_picpath_name /bin/bash  #交互式进入容器

# docker ps                              #查看运行的docker 

# docker logs <镜像名:tag>               #查看容器的logs

# docker start/stop/kill <镜像名:tag>    

# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)           #删除所有容器

# docker rmi $(docker p_w_picpaths | grep none | awk '{print $3}' | sort -r) #删除所有镜像

# docker build -t <镜像名> <Dockerfile路径>  #构建自己的镜像

# docker cp 683198a36fcb:/run.sh .       #从docker复制一个文件到当前目录

# docker save new_centos:latest > net_centos.tar  #保存镜像

# docker load < net_centos.tar           #载入镜像

# docker run --help                      #更多的命令自己查看一下,相当丰富

 

Commands:

    attach    Attach to a running container

    build     Build an p_w_picpath from a Dockerfile

    commit    Create a new p_w_picpath from a container's changes

    cp        Copy files/folders from a container's filesystem to the host path

    create    Create a new container

    diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem

    events    Get real time events from the server

    exec      Run a command in a running container

    export    Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive

    history   Show the history of an p_w_picpath

    p_w_picpaths    List p_w_picpaths

    import    Create a new filesystem p_w_picpath from the contents of a tarball

    info      Display system-wide information

    inspect   Return low-level information on a container or p_w_picpath

    kill      Kill a running container

    load      Load an p_w_picpath from a tar archive

    login     Register or log in to a Docker registry server

    logout    Log out from a Docker registry server

    logs      Fetch the logs of a container

    port      Lookup the public-facing port that is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT

    pause     Pause all processes within a container

    ps        List containers

    pull      Pull an p_w_picpath or a repository from a Docker registry server

    push      Push an p_w_picpath or a repository to a Docker registry server

    rename    Rename an existing container

    restart   Restart a running container

    rm        Remove one or more containers

    rmi       Remove one or more p_w_picpaths

    run       Run a command in a new container

    save      Save an p_w_picpath to a tar archive

    search    Search for an p_w_picpath on the Docker Hub

    start     Start a stopped container

    stats     Display a live stream of one or more containers' resource usage statistics

    stop      Stop a running container

    tag       Tag an p_w_picpath into a repository

    top       Lookup the running processes of a container

    unpause   Unpause a paused container

    version   Show the Docker version information

    wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command

http://yeasy.gitbooks.io/docker_practice/content/appendix_command/index.html 

更精彩的docker教程,在http://www.osstep.com/course/32 PHP沙盒基于docker的自动化实现

©著作权归作者所有:来自51CTO博客作者bbotte的原创作品,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任


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