Handler 组成部分
Message:消息对象
MessageQueue:消息队列
Looper:消息轮询器
Handler 工作原理
Message:用于记录消息携带的信息
MessageQueue:存取 Message 的队列集合
Looper:不断获取是否有新的 Message 需要执行
Message 对象介绍
获取 Message 对象的两种方式
有什么不一样?接下来查看一下 Message.obtain 这个静态方法做了什么操作
先翻译一下 obtain 的方法的注释文档
Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to avoid allocating new objects in many cases.
从全局池返回一个新的消息实例。允许我们在许多情况下避免分配新对象。
看到这里大家心里应该有底了,就是在复用之前用过的 Message 对象,这里实际上是用到了一种享元设计模式,这种设计模式最大的特点就是复用对象,避免重复创建导致的内存浪费
再介绍一下 Message 对象的一些特殊的属性,待会我们会用得到
Handler.sendMessage 解析
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg) { return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0); }public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what) { return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0); }public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) { Message msg = Message.obtain(); msg.what = what; return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis); }public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) { Message msg = Message.obtain(); msg.what = what; return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis); }public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); }public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); }public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0); }private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
简单过一遍,发现一个问题,sendXXX 这些方式最终还是会调用到 enqueueMessage 这个方法上来,所以让我们重点看一下这个方法
就在刚刚给大家看了一下 Handler 的特殊属性,target 其实就是一个 Handler 类型的对象,现在给它赋值为当前的 Handler 对象,其实这样我们已经不难断定,它最后肯定会这样回调 Handler 的 handleMessage 的方法了
msg.target.handleMessage(msg);
MessageQueue.enqueueMessage 解析
这里只是设想,接下来继续看 queue.enqueueMessage 的方法,发现这里标红点不进去,我们可以直接点击 MessageQueue 对象进去,由于 enqueueMessage 代码太长,没法放截图,就直接放代码了
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) { if (msg.target == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target."); } if (msg.isInUse()) { throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use."); } synchronized (this) { if (mQuitting) { IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException( msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread"); Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e); msg.recycle(); return false; } msg.markInUse(); msg.when = when; Message p = mMessages; boolean needWake; if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) { // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked. msg.next = p; mMessages = msg; needWake = mBlocked; } else { // Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue. needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous(); Message prev; for (;;) { prev = p; p = p.next; if (p == null || when < p.when) { break; } if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) { needWake = false; } } msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next prev.next = msg; } // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false. if (needWake) { nativeWake(mPtr); } } return true; }
这里我们先讲一个细节的问题,MessageQueue 类中的几乎所有的方法里面都有 synchronized 关键字,证明这个类已经处理过线程安全的问题了
刚刚的源码你只需要简单过一遍,接下来我们挑重点的讲,如果对链表不熟悉的先去百度了解一下(简单点的来说就是对象自己嵌套自己),这里用的是单向链表,我已经把注释打上去了,要集中精力看
// 标记这个 Message 已经被使用msg.markInUse(); msg.when = when;// mMessages 是一个 Message 对象Message p = mMessages;boolean needWake;// 如果这个是第一个消息,如果这个消息需要马上执行,如果这个消息执行的时间要比之前的消息要提前的话if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) { // 把这个 Message 对象放置在链表第一个位置 msg.next = p; mMessages = msg; needWake = mBlocked; } else { needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous(); // 这块比较难理解了,要注意集中精力,不要脑子被转晕了 // 记录跳出循环前最后的一个 Message 对象 Message prev; // 不断循环,根据执行时间进行对链表进行排序 for (;;) { // 你没有看错,这个对象就只是记录而已,循环里面没有用到 prev = p; // 获取链表的下一个 p = p.next; // 如果这个是链表的最后一个,如果这个消息执行时间要比链表的下一个要提前的话 if (p == null || when < p.when) { // 跳出循环 break; } if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) { needWake = false; } } // 将刚刚符合要求的对象 p 排在 msg 后面 msg.next = p; // 再将 msg 排在 prev 的后面(温馨提醒:prev 和 p 是不一样的,p 其实等于 prev.next,不信你回去看源码) prev.next = msg; // 排序前:prev ---> p // 排序后:prev ---> msg ---> p}
Message(消息) 对象已经在 MessageQueue(消息队列)中排序好了,那么问题来了,MessageQueue.enqueueMessage 方法压根没调用 Handler.handleMessage 方法?你让我情何以堪?
纠正一个刚刚的设想
Handler.handleMessage 到底被谁调用了?请看下图
handleMessage 原来是被 Handler.dispatchMessage 回调的,那么我们之前那种设想还不太对
// 刚刚的设想msg.target.handleMessage(msg); // 错误
// 现在的设想msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); // 正确
Handler 和 Looper 的关系
让我们先来看一下 Handler 构造函数
public class Handler { public Handler() { this(null, false); } public Handler(Callback callback) { this(callback, false); } public Handler(Looper looper) { this(looper, null, false); } public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) { this(looper, callback, false); } public Handler(boolean async) { this(null, async); } public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread() + " that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; } public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) { mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; } }
我们先来看一下两句重点代码
mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue;
你会发现,Handler 和 Looper 有很大关系,就连 MessageQueue 也是 Looper 里面的对象,看来还真的不简单
Looper.loop
既然如此,我上去一顿搜索,Looper 类中只有一个地方调用了 Handler.dispatchMessage 方法
由于这个方法太长,我们把这个方法源码单独拎出来,简单过一遍就好
/** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); // Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g. // adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start' final int thresholdOverride = SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper." + Process.myUid() + "." + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ".slow", 0); boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false; for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger final Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag; long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs; long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs; if (thresholdOverride > 0) { slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride; slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride; } final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0); final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0); final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch; final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch; if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) { Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg)); } final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; final long dispatchEnd; try { msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; } finally { if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceEnd(traceTag); } } if (logSlowDelivery) { if (slowDeliveryDetected) { if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) { Slog.w(TAG, "Drained"); slowDeliveryDetected = false; } } else { if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery", msg)) { // Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains. slowDeliveryDetected = true; } } } if (logSlowDispatch) { showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg); } if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycleUnchecked(); } }
我们先翻译一下这个 Looper.loop 方法的注释
Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
在这个线程中运行消息队列。确保调用{@link #quit()}来结束循环。
看完这个翻译你是不是顿悟了,原来 MessageQueue 消息队列最后是在这个方法执行的,接下来我们分析一下里面比较重点的源码
// 不断循环for (;;) { // 取 MessageQueue 中的 Message 对象,具体方法就不带大家看了 Message msg = queue.next(); if (msg == null) { // 直到消息队列没有 Message 对象了就跳出循环和退出方法 return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger final Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag; long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs; long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs; if (thresholdOverride > 0) { slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride; slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride; } final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0); final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0); final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch; final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch; if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) { Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg)); } final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; final long dispatchEnd; try { // msg.target 之前说过了,在 sendMessage 的时候已经赋值自身给这个字段了 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0; } finally { if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceEnd(traceTag); } } }
看完源码后总结
Message:消息
MessageQueue:消息集合
Looper:执行消息
作者:Android轮子哥
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/67eb02c8bdce
共同学习,写下你的评论
评论加载中...
作者其他优质文章