这章理一下channel,先分享一句学习时候看到的话:Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating.
。本来好像是用在go
上的,但也有着异曲同工之妙啊
channel
顾名思义是管道,有入口与出口。因此最底层有sendChannel&receiveChannel
produce
Produce = Coroutine + Channel
example:
val channel: ReceiveChannel<Int> = produce<Int>(CommonPool) { for (i in 0 .. 100) { delay(1000) channel.send(i) } } launch(UI) { for (number in channel) { textView.text = "Latest number is $number" } }
produce
也是产生协程,跟普通的launch
不同他会返回一个receiveChannel
,后面会看到receiveChannel
是一个迭代器,同时会suspend
在hasNext和next()
上,因此另一个协程就可以使用for...in...
等待接受。
@ExperimentalCoroutinesApipublic fun <E> CoroutineScope.produce( context: CoroutineContext = EmptyCoroutineContext, capacity: Int = 0, @BuilderInference block: suspend ProducerScope<E>.() -> Unit): ReceiveChannel<E> { val channel = Channel<E>(capacity) val newContext = newCoroutineContext(context) val coroutine = ProducerCoroutine(newContext, channel) coroutine.start(CoroutineStart.DEFAULT, coroutine, block) return coroutine }
同时,produce
发射完成后是会自己关闭的,省的我们自己关闭信道:
override fun onCompletionInternal(state: Any?, mode: Int, suppressed: Boolean) { val cause = (state as? CompletedExceptionally)?.cause val processed = _channel.close(cause) if (cause != null && !processed && suppressed) handleExceptionViaHandler(context, cause) }
通过job
的invokeOnCompletion
实现。
actor
example
val channel: SendChannel<View> = actor(UI) { for (number in channel) { textView.text = "A new click happend!" } } button.setOnClickListener { launch(CommonPool) { channel.send(it) } }
与produce
相反返回sendChannel
高级用法
fun Node.onClick(action: suspend (MouseEvent) -> Unit) { // launch one actor to handle all events on this node val eventActor = GlobalScope.actor<MouseEvent>(Dispatchers.Main) { for (event in channel) action(event) // pass event to action } // install a listener to offer events to this actor onMouseClicked = EventHandler { event -> eventActor.offer(event) } }
我们看这里用了offer
而不是send
,我们可以把for..in..
先简单的写成以下形式:
while(iterator.hasNext()){ //suspend fuction val event = iterator.next() //suspend function action(event) }private suspend fun hasNextSuspend(): Boolean = suspendAtomicCancellableCoroutine sc@ { cont -> val receive = ReceiveHasNext(this, cont) while (true) { if (channel.enqueueReceive(receive)) { channel.removeReceiveOnCancel(cont, receive) return@sc } // hm... something is not right. try to poll val result = channel.pollInternal() this.result = result if (result is Closed<*>) { if (result.closeCause == null) cont.resume(false) else cont.resumeWithException(result.receiveException) return@sc } if (result !== POLL_FAILED) { cont.resume(true) return@sc } } }
假设队列里没有东西时,enqueue
一个receiveHasNext
进行等待。过会解释一下channel
的原理。现在只要知道,当有sender.send
时,与receive
关联的cont
就会被调用resume
,那么显而易见,当action
正在处理时队列中没有receiver
,而offer
是不会suspend
的,因此事件就被抛弃。
conflation事件合并
fun Node.onClick(action: suspend (MouseEvent) -> Unit) { // launch one actor to handle all events on this node val eventActor = GlobalScope.actor<MouseEvent>(Dispatchers.Main, capacity = Channel.CONFLATED) { // <--- Changed here for (event in channel) action(event) // pass event to action } // install a listener to offer events to this actor onMouseClicked = EventHandler { event -> eventActor.offer(event) } }
这里我们使用CONFALTED
,即合并所有事件,因此接受者永远处理最近一个。原理如下:
result === OFFER_FAILED -> { // try to buffer val sendResult = sendConflated(element) when (sendResult) { null -> return OFFER_SUCCESS is Closed<*> -> { conflatePreviousSendBuffered(sendResult) return sendResult } } // otherwise there was receiver in queue, retry super.offerInternal}
当offer
失败时需要suspend
等待,(说明还没有接受者或者人家正忙着),插入sendBuffered
,同时移除前面已有的sendBuffered
var prev = node.prevNode while (prev is SendBuffered<*>) { if (!prev.remove()) { prev.helpRemove() } prev = prev.prevNode }
这样永远是最近一个生效。
大概channel原理
其实看abstractChannel
会先看到一个queue
,这时候显而易见会把它当做是像linkedlist
那种塞数据的地方。但其实queue
是用来放receive/send node
。当队列为空时,send
时会先从队列取第一个receiveNode
,取不到就suspend
,把自己当成sendNode
放入;不然就把数据直接交给receiveNode
。
具体channel实现时,例如ArrayChannel(buffer)
,会多加一个buffer
队列,当队列为空时,send
时会先从队列取第一个receiveNode
,取不到就放入buffer
队列,如果buffer
队列满了,把自己当成sendNode
放入就suspend
;同时把不然就把数据直接交给receiveNode
。
select
suspend fun selectInsult(john: ReceiveChannel<String>, mike: ReceiveChannel<String>) { select<Unit> { // <Unit> means that this select expression does not produce any result john.onReceive { value -> // this is the first select clause println("John says '$value'") } mike.onReceive { value -> // this is the second select clause println("Mike says '$value'") } } }
select
可以等任何一个回来,也可以等await
:
fun adult(): Deferred<String> = async(CommonPool) { // the adult stops the exchange after a while delay(Random().nextInt(2000).toLong()) "Stop it!"} suspend fun selectInsult(john: ReceiveChannel<String>, mike: ReceiveChannel<String>, adult: Deferred<String>) { select { // [..] the rest is like before adult.onAwait { value -> println("Exasperated adult says '$value'") } } }
跟linux
里的select
其实类似,(能知道是哪个吗?):
final override val onReceive: SelectClause1<E> get() = object : SelectClause1<E> { override fun <R> registerSelectClause1(select: SelectInstance<R>, block: suspend (E) -> R) { registerSelectReceive(select, block) } } private fun <R> registerSelectReceive(select: SelectInstance<R>, block: suspend (E) -> R) { while (true) { if (select.isSelected) return if (isEmpty) { val enqueueOp = TryEnqueueReceiveDesc(select, block as (suspend (E?) -> R), nullOnClose = false) val enqueueResult = select.performAtomicIfNotSelected(enqueueOp) ?: return when { enqueueResult === ALREADY_SELECTED -> return enqueueResult === ENQUEUE_FAILED -> {} // retry else -> error("performAtomicIfNotSelected(TryEnqueueReceiveDesc) returned $enqueueResult") } } else { val pollResult = pollSelectInternal(select) when { pollResult === ALREADY_SELECTED -> return pollResult === POLL_FAILED -> {} // retry pollResult is Closed<*> -> throw recoverStackTrace(pollResult.receiveException) else -> { block.startCoroutineUnintercepted(pollResult as E, select.completion) return } } } } }
能看到onReceive
是实现SelectCaluse1
,同时在selectBuilderImpl
环境下:
override fun <Q> SelectClause1<Q>.invoke(block: suspend (Q) -> R) { registerSelectClause1(this@SelectBuilderImpl, block) }
所以会往queue
中enqueue
两个receive节点。
以
同时能看到如果任何一次select
节点获取数据以后:
when { pollResult === ALREADY_SELECTED -> return pollResult === POLL_FAILED -> {} // retry pollResult is Closed<*> -> throw recoverStackTrace(pollResult.receiveException) else -> { block.startCoroutineUnintercepted(pollResult as E, select.completion) return } }
会调用block.startCoroutineUnintercepted
:
/** * Use this function to restart coroutine directly from inside of [suspendCoroutine], * when the code is already in the context of this coroutine. * It does not use [ContinuationInterceptor] and does not update context of the current thread. */internal fun <R, T> (suspend (R) -> T).startCoroutineUnintercepted(receiver: R, completion: Continuation<T>) { startDirect(completion) { actualCompletion -> startCoroutineUninterceptedOrReturn(receiver, actualCompletion) } }
之前讲过startCoroutineUnintercepted
其实就是function.invoke()
,所以就调用block.invoke(select的completion是自己)
,获得值后通过uCont.resume
即可。
onAwait
这个和defered
即job(Support)
搞在一起:
private class SelectAwaitOnCompletion<T, R>( job: JobSupport, private val select: SelectInstance<R>, private val block: suspend (T) -> R ) : JobNode<JobSupport>(job) { override fun invoke(cause: Throwable?) { if (select.trySelect(null)) job.selectAwaitCompletion(select, block) } override fun toString(): String = "SelectAwaitOnCompletion[$select]"}
可以看到当任务成功后,select
会被继续进行
broadcast
首先解决一个问题,一个sender
多个receiver
是怎么处理的。
val channel = Channel<Int>() launch { val value1 = channel.receive() } launch { val value2 = channel.receive() } launch { channel.send(1) }
因为是1vs1消费。只有第一个会收到,因为它插在等待队列的第一个。用broadcast
可以保证大家都收到。它维护一个subscribe
的user list
,所有消费者都能收到channel.send
的element
operation
map
public fun <E, R> ReceiveChannel<E>.map(context: CoroutineContext = Dispatchers.Unconfined, transform: suspend (E) -> R): ReceiveChannel<R> = GlobalScope.produce(context, onCompletion = consumes()) { consumeEach { send(transform(it)) } }
可以实现跟RX
一样的操作符,接受者收到后经过转换再进行发送返回最终新的receiveChannel
hot or cold
channel
是hot
的。
作者:LSteven
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/7fd51f090781
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