简介
一个方便的能在子线程中运行的服务,一个IntentService对应一个线程,由于是四大组件,优先级比线程高,不易被系统回收,处理完任务还能主动回收,因此用来处理后台下载任务极为适合
简单使用
先继承此类,重写必要的方法,我们的逻辑处理是在onHandleIntent()
方法中
/** * Created by hj on 2018/12/21. * 说明: */public class MyIntentService extends IntentService { public MyIntentService() { super("MyIntentService"); } @Override protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) { //核心方法,处理异步逻辑 Log.i("HJ","onHandleIntent"); } @Override public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i("HJ","onStartCommand"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public void onCreate() { Log.i("HJ", "onCreate"); super.onCreate(); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Log.i("HJ","onDestroy"); super.onDestroy(); } }
在清单文件中注册:
<service android:name=".MyIntentService"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.jay.thread"/> </intent-filter> </service>
在Activity中运行:
Intent intent = new Intent("com.jay.thread"); intent.setPackage(getPackageName()); startService(intent);
打印的结果如下:
2018-12-21 15:03:14.848 4241-4241/com.zj.example.customview.funnel I/HJ: onCreate 2018-12-21 15:03:14.850 4241-4241/com.zj.example.customview.funnel I/HJ: onStartCommand 2018-12-21 15:03:14.850 4241-4258/com.zj.example.customview.funnel I/HJ: onHandleIntent 2018-12-21 15:03:16.225 4241-4241/com.zj.example.customview.funnel I/HJ: onDestroy
可以看到,它的生命周期是onCreate()
->onStartCommand()
->onHandleIntent()
->onDestroy()
,而且当它把onHandleIntent()
方法里的逻辑处理完毕后会自动调用onDestroy
来结束,所以我们不需要主动来关闭它。
而且说到隐式启动Service,这里要叨逼两句,如果我把上面的intent.setPackage(getPackageName())
去掉那么在5.0以上机型会遇到这种异常:
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Service Intent must be explicit: Intent { act=com.jay.thread } at android.app.ContextImpl.validateServiceIntent(ContextImpl.java:1448) at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1489) at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1461) at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:644) at com.zj.example.customview.funnel.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:34) at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6975) at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1213) at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2770) at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2892) at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(Unknown Source:0) at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1593) at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105) at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6541) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:767)
原因是在5.0源码中谷歌做了限制,如果component和package都为空,那么就会抛出这个异常,详见源码(源码位置:sdk/sources/android21/android/app/ContextImpl.java):
private void validateServiceIntent(Intent service) { if (service.getComponent() == null && service.getPackage() == null) { if (getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { IllegalArgumentException ex = new IllegalArgumentException( "Service Intent must be explicit: " + service); throw ex; } else { Log.w(TAG, "Implicit intents with startService are not safe: " + service + " " + Debug.getCallers(2, 3)); } } }
So,我们只要保证其中一个不为空就可以啦.
源码解析
源码还是比较简单,可以先从onCreate()
方法看起,具体逻辑见注释:
public abstract class IntentService extends Service { private volatile Looper mServiceLooper; //HandlerThread中的Looper private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler; //逻辑处理Handler private String mName; //线程名称 private boolean mRedelivery; //是否保证intent在服务被杀死后能被接收到 //子线程Handler的逻辑处理类 private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler { public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper); } @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj); //onHandleIntent方法回调 stopSelf(msg.arg1); //自动回收 } } public IntentService(String name) { super(); mName = name; } /** *此方法的作用:如果为true,则将Service StartResult状态置为START_REDELIVER_INTENT,这样当onHandleIntent方法还未回调的时候服务被回收,重启的时候onHandleIntent方法会被回调,发送上一次回收前的intent,如果有多个intent,将会发送最后一个意图 * **/ public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) { mRedelivery = enabled; } @Override public void onCreate(){ super.onCreate(); //创建HandlerThread 并将线程命名为IntentService+自定义名称的形式 HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]"); thread.start(); mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper(); mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper); //将HandlerThread里初始化的looper设置给子线程Handler } @Override public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) { Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage(); msg.arg1 = startId; msg.obj = intent; //我们在onHandleIntent方法里接收的intent是在这里赋值的 mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg); } /** * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead, * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService * receives a start request. * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand */ @Override public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { onStart(intent, startId); //StartResult状态设置是在这里 return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY; } @Override public void onDestroy() { mServiceLooper.quit(); } //这里将返回值置为了null,所以不建议使用bindService的形式来启动它,如果需要,建议直接使用Service @Override @Nullable public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } /** * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process. * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic. * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else. * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself, * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}. * * @param intent The value passed to {@link * android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}. * This may be null if the service is being restarted after * its process has gone away; see * {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand} * for details. */ @WorkerThread protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent); }
我们在源码中看到,内部实现其实还是HandlerThread
+Handler
的方式,onCreate()
中做了一些初始化的操作,在onStart
中将intent
用obj的方式传递给了ServiceHandler
,然后在handleMessage
中拿到intent并调用了onHandleIntent
回调出来,这样一个完整的线程有序循环就建立了,而且因为是四大组件,存活率有很大的提升,这是直接用线程实现所没有的优势
看完了源码,有没有对HandlerThread+Handler的应用进一步加深呢?
作者:我是黄教主啊
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/48fb489c341d
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