RHEL5 Silent方式安装Oracle 11gR2指南

   Oracle单实例的安装文档网上比比皆是，其中也不乏很好的文章，其实oracle最好的安装文档莫过于联机手册，但是手册的安装步骤太过详细，所以很多大侠为了方便就整理了许多不同版本的安装文档，本人自学oracle已经快一年了，学到的也只是皮毛，但是谈起安装oracle，特别是11g R2，那还是有一点点心得的，大概是走过太多的弯路，下面来简要介绍下silent方式安装oracle软件，配置监听器，创建数据库的操作步骤

一:检查服务器的存储环境，各个版本的oracle安装需求都不一样，以oracle联机文档为准  

[root@localhost ~]# df -h /u01  

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_www  

                      160G  188M  152G   1% /u01  

[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo  

MemTotal:      1351664 kB  

[root@localhost ~]#  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo  

SwapTotal:     4096564 kB  

[root@localhost ~]#  df -h /tmp  

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  

/dev/sda3             1.9G   36M  1.8G   2% /tmp  

二：检查服务器软件环境，下面的包都可以在系统光盘上找到  

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:   

binutils-2.17.50.0.6  

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3  

elfutils-libelf-0.125  

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125  

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125  

gcc-4.1.2  

gcc-c++-4.1.2  

glibc-2.5-24  

glibc-common-2.5  

glibc-devel-2.5  

glibc-headers-2.5  

kernel-headers-2.6.18  

ksh-20060214  

libaio-0.3.106  

libaio-devel-0.3.106   

libgcc-4.1.2  

libgomp-4.1.2  

libstdc++-4.1.2   

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2  

make-3.81  

numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386  

sysstat-7.0.2  

三：修改内核参数如下，并使其生效  

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf   

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 

fs.file-max = 6815744 

kernel.shmall = 2097152 

kernel.shmmax = 536870912 

kernel.shmmni = 4096 

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500  

net.core.rmem_default = 262144 

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 

net.core.wmem_default = 262144 

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p  

四：添加oracle用户和相关的组，若使用ASM自动存储管理，需要添加额外的几个组，具体可以参考联机文档  

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall  

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba  

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper  

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /u01/oracle oracle  

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle  

uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper)  

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'oracle' |passwd --stdin oracle  

Changing password for user oracle.  

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.  

五：修改oracle用户的系统资源限制和权限  

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'limits' /etc/pam.d/system-auth  

session     required      pam_limits.so  

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf   

oracle              soft    nproc   2047  

oracle              hard    nproc   16384  

oracle              soft    nofile  1024  

oracle              hard    nofile  65536  

oracle              soft    stack   10240  

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/  

六：创建oratab文件（该文件用于控制oracle的自动启动和关闭，也可用service脚本实现）和清单目录  

[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/oratab  

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/oraInst.loc   

inventory_loc=/u01/oraInventory  

inst_group=oinstall 

七：配置主机名和解析,需要重启才能生效  

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network  

NETWORKING=yes 

NETWORKING_IPV6=yes 

HOSTNAME=redora.766.com   

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts  

127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost  

::1                     localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6  

192.168.50.195          redora.766.com  redora  

八：配置oracle用户环境变量  

[root@redora ~]# su - oracle  

[oracle@redora ~]$ vi .bash_profile   

ORACLE_BASE=/u01  

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle  

ORACLE_SID=orac 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  

export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID  

[oracle@redora ~]$ source .bash_profile   

[oracle@redora ~]$ env |grep ORA  

ORACLE_SID=orac 

ORACLE_BASE=/u01  

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle  

九：上传oracle软件包到服务器并解压  

[oracle@redora ~]$ cd /u01/  

[oracle@redora u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip   

[oracle@redora u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip   

[oracle@redora~]$ ls /u01/database/response/  

dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp  

十：配置DISPLAY环境变量，（这里使用win7上的secureCRT软件和xmanager软件连接服务器，xmanager软件需要开启被动模式）因为是第一次安装oracle，所以需要一个模板响应文件,若存在这个文件，可以直接跳过这步（网上介绍采用 -record -destinationFile 选项记录安装文件的方式在11g R2中不适用）

[oracle@redora ~]$ export  DISPLAY=192.168.50.40:0

[oracle@redora database]$ ./runInstaller  //使用图形化工具选择安装oracle软件的选项，在最后选择保存响应文件并退出，如下图所示：

十一：使用响应文件安装oracle软件  

[oracle@redora database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/oracle/auto_install_db.rsp  

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...  

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 1800 MB    Passed  

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4000 MB    Passed  

[INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.  

   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.  

   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.  

[WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.  

   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.  

   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.  

You can find the log of this install session at:  

 /u01/oraInventory/logs/installActions2010-12-27_10-03-09PM.log  

[WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.  

   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.  

   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.  

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.   

 #!/bin/sh   

 #Root scripts to run  

/u01/oracle/root.sh  

To execute the configuration scripts:  

         1. Open a terminal window   

         2. Log in as "root"   

         3. Run the scripts   

         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue   

Successfully Setup Software.  

十二：以root用户身份执行root.sh脚本并验证安装是否成功，可具体查看相关日志  

[root@redora ~]# /u01/oracle/root.sh  

Check /u01/oracle/install/root_redora.766.com_2010-12-27_22-15-47.log for the output of root script  

[oracle@redora ~]$ sqlplus /nolog  

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 27 22:16:35 2010  

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  

SQL>   

十三：配置侦听器，需要复制模板文件并修改相关内容如下  

[oracle@redora ~]$ cp /u01/database/response/netca.rsp ./  

[oracle@redora ~]$ grep -v '^#' netca.rsp  |grep -v '^$'  

[GENERAL]  

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2" 

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM" 

[oracle.net.ca]  

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}  

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""  

LISTENER_NUMBER=1 

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}  

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}  

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""  

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}  

NSN_NUMBER=1 

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}  

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}  

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}  

[oracle@redora ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /u01/oracle/netca.rsp   

Parsing command line arguments:  

    Parameter "silent" = true  

    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/oracle/netca.rsp  

Done parsing command line arguments.  

Oracle Net Services Configuration:  

Configuring Listener:LISTENER  

Listener configuration complete.  

Oracle Net Listener Startup:  

    Running Listener Control:   

      /u01/oracle/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER  

    Listener Control complete.  

    Listener started successfully.  

Profile configuration complete.  

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0  

十四：安装数据库，需要复制模板文件并修改相关内容如下  

[oracle@redora ~]$ cp /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp ./  

[oracle@redora ~]$ grep -v '^#' dbca.rsp |grep -v '^$'  

[GENERAL]  

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" 

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" 

[CREATEDATABASE]  

GDBNAME = "redora.766.com" 

SID = "orac" 

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" 

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]  

EMCONFIGURATION = "LOCAL" 

SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456" 

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456" 

[oracle@redora ~]$ dbca -silent -createdatabase -responseFile /u01/oracle/dbca.rsp   

Enter SYS user password:    

Enter SYSTEM user password:    

Copying database files  

1% complete  

3% complete  

11% complete  

18% complete  

26% complete  

37% complete  

Creating and starting Oracle instance  

40% complete  

45% complete  

50% complete  

55% complete  

56% complete  

60% complete  

62% complete  

Completing Database Creation  

66% complete  

70% complete  

73% complete  

85% complete  

96% complete  

100% complete  

Look at the log file "/u01/cfgtoollogs/dbca/redora/redora.log" for further details.  

十五：验证安装是否成功  

[oracle@redora ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora  |wc -l  

28  

[oracle@redora ~]$ sqlplus /nolog  

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 27 23:04:34 2010  

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  

SQL> conn /as sysdba  

Connected.  

SQL> select sysdate from dual;  

SYSDATE  

---------  

27-DEC-10  

SQL> show user;  

USER is "SYS"  

SQL> show sga;  

Total System Global Area  551165952 bytes  

Fixed Size                  2215224 bytes  

Variable Size             339739336 bytes  

Database Buffers          201326592 bytes  

Redo Buffers                7884800 bytes  

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