基本概念

• Kubernetes 暴露服务的方式:

  • Service NodePort: 后期维护困难,不支持虚拟路径 参考此文

  • Service LoadBlancer: 需要云厂商支持,有局限性

  • Ingress: 灵活,无依赖

简单来说Ingress可以配置为提供服务外部访问的URL，负载均衡，SSL，提供基于名称的虚拟主机等,并且可以自动检查后端Pod IP变化,自动Reload Upstream组,动态更新location等,

Service和Ingress处理请求流程

# 以Service的NodePort为入口,Service在转发到后端对应的Pod上提供服务
                 internet                    |
              ------------
              [ Services ]
              --|------|--
              [   Pod    ]

# 以Ingress为入口,Ingress动态检查对应Service的Pod(通过Endpoints),然后直接将请求转发到Pod
                 internet
                    |
               [ Ingress ]
               --|-----|--
               [ Services ]
               --|-----|--
               [   Pod    ]

部署Ingress

定义namespace

# namespace配置文件[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# vim namespace.yamlapiVersion: v1
kind: Namespacemetadata:  name: ingress-nginx

定义RBAC

[root@k8sMaster01 ingress]# cat rbac.yaml apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount  namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
        - events
    verbs:
        - create
        - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount    namespace: ingress-nginx

定义个默认service backend

# 定义个默认service backend 用于为ingress controller 响应404不存在的请求
[root@k8sMaster01 ingress]# cat default-backend.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  labels:
    app: default-http-backend  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: default-http-backend
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - name: default-http-backend
        # Any image is permissable as long as:
        # 1. It serves a 404 page at /
        # 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpoint
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/defaultbackend:1.4
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app: default-http-backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: default-http-backend

定义ingress-controller

 [root@k8sMaster01 ingress]# cat deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx 
spec:#  replicas: 1#  selector:#    matchLabels:#      app: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: '10254'
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.17.1
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --default-backend-service=ingress-nginx/default-http-backend
            - --configmap=ingress-nginx/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=ingress-nginx/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=ingress-nginx/udp-services#            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
          - name: http
            containerPort: 80
          - name: https
            containerPort: 443
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1

定义configmap

[root@k8sMaster01 ingress]# cat tcp-services-configmap.yamlkind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services  namespace: ingress-nginx

[root@k8sMaster01 ingress]# cat udp-services-configmap.yaml kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services  namespace: ingress-nginx

apply启动资源清单

#写好的配置文件放到了个人网站下,方便下载[root@k8s-master01 learning]# wget http://download.baiyongjie.com/kubernetes/yaml/ingress.tar.gz[root@k8s-master01 learning]# tar zxf ingress.tar.gz [root@k8s-master01 learning]# cd ingress/# 开始启动[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml namespace/ingress-nginx created

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f rbac.yaml serviceaccount/nginx-ingress-serviceaccount created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding created

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f tcp-services-configmap.yaml configmap/tcp-services created

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f udp-services-configmap.yaml configmap/udp-services created

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f default-backend.yaml deployment.extensions/default-http-backend created
service/default-http-backend created

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml daemonset.extensions/nginx-ingress-controller created


[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl get configmaps -n ingress-nginx NAME                              DATA   AGE
ingress-controller-leader-nginx   0      9m31s
tcp-services                      0      45m
udp-services                      0      45m

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx                         NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
default-http-backend   ClusterIP   10.98.133.166   <none>        80/TCP    45m

[root@k8s-master01 ingress]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx                        NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
default-http-backend-774686c976-k4pbg   1/1     Running   0          45m
nginx-ingress-controller-mhnn9          1/1     Running   0          45m
nginx-ingress-controller-wbsnl          1/1     Running   0          45m

为已有的svc配置Ingress

[root@k8s-master01 learning]# vim Ingress.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata:
  name: ingress-demo  namespace: learningspec:
  rules:
  - host: ingress-demo.baiyongjie.com #主机域名，需要在本地绑定节点ip
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: deploy-demo  # 后端服务名
          servicePort: 80           # 后端服务端口

测试Ingress

# 启动Ingress[root@k8s-master01 learning]# kubectl apply  -f Ingress.yaml ingress.extensions/ingress-demo created

[root@k8s-master01 learning]# kubectl get ingresses.extensions  -n learningNAME           HOSTS                         ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
ingress-demo   ingress-demo.baiyongjie.com             80      9s# 在本机修改hosts文件为k8s的IP地址192.168.88.137 ingress-demo.baiyongjie.com# 浏览器访问, 多刷新几次看效果,可以看到IP地址在发生变化~

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作者：baiyongjie
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/02e56e1901a9