介绍
信号是在软件层次上对中断机制的模拟,在原理上说,一个任务接收到一个信号,与CPU接收到中断请求是一致的。信号是异步的,任务不必通过任何操作来等待信号的到达,它甚至不知道信号何时会到达。
信号的来源包括:
硬件来源,比如按键触发
软件来源,比如kill,raise等系统函数,比如一些非法运算操作等
任务和信号
Nuttx
为进程和线程提供了信号接口,可以在任务上下文中或在任务上下文之间,通过信号这种异步通信机制,来改变任务的控制流。在任何一个任务中或中断处理函数中,可以给指定TASK ID的其他任务发送信号。接收到信号的任务将在具有优先级时执行任务指定的信号处理函数。信号处理程序是一个用户提供的函数,它绑定到一个特定的信号,并在接收到信号时执行任何必要的操作。默认情况下,没有对任何信号设置预定义动作,所有信号的默认操作都是忽略(如果用户没有提供信号处理函数),从这个意义上说,所有Nuttx
默认情况下都是实时信号。
任务组
Nuttx
既支持任务task
,又支持线程pthreads
。task
和pthreads
的主要区别在于task
之间的独立性要高得多。task
可以创建pthreads
,这些pthreads
将共享task
的资源。主task
线程和它所包含的pthreads
,一起被称为任务组,在Nuttx
中使用任务组来模拟POSIX
的进程。
发送信号给多线程任务组
多线程任务组中的信号行为是复杂的。
Nuttx
使用任务组模拟进程,并遵循POSIX
规则进行信号发送。通常,当向一个任务组发送信号时,需要向创建该任务组的主task
线程的ID
号发送(实际上,其他任务不应该知道该任务组中创建的内部线程ID
)。任务组会记住该ID
(即使主任务线程退出)。
当向一个多线程任务组发送信号时,会出现以下情况:
当任务组接收到一个信号,那么任务组中只有一个不阻塞该信号的不确定线程会接收到信号。
当任务组接收到一个信号,并且有多个线程在等待该信号,有且只有一个不确定的线程将接收该信号。
可以使用
sigprocmask()
或pthread_sigmask()
接口来屏蔽信号。信号被屏蔽后,将不会在具有屏蔽该信号的线程中接收到。在创建新的线程时,新线程将会继承父线程的信号掩码,因此如果在一个线程上阻塞某个信号,那么在它所创建的线程中也会阻塞该信号。
可以通过信号掩码来控制哪个线程接收信号,例如,创建一个线程,该线程的唯一目的是捕获某个特定的信号并且做出响应:在主任务中阻塞信号;这时该信号会在任务组中被所有的线程阻塞。在一个“信号处理线程”中,使能了信号,这个线程将是唯一接收信号的线程。
API接口
本来想一上来就分析数据结构,看了一圈源代码,发现还是先从应用层的API入手,有个全面的认识后,再逐层去分析底层的原理。
API如下:
int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set) ; /* 清空set信号集, 排除所有信号 */int sigfillset(sigset_t *set); /* 置位set信号集,包含所有信号 */int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signo); /* 将信号signo添加进set信号集 */int sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signo); /* 将signo信号从set信号集中删除 */int sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signo); /* 判断signo信号是否属于set信号集 */int sigaction(int signo, const struct sigaction *act, struct sigaction *oact); /* 信号安装函数,将sigaction与一个特定的信号进行绑定,sigaction结构体在下文会介绍 */int sigignore(int signo); /* 忽略signo信号 */void (*sigset(int signo, void (*disp)(int)))(int); /* 改变signo信号的配置, disp可以是SIG_DFL、SIG_IGN,或者信号处理Handler */int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oset); /* 根据how的策略,来改变当前阻塞的信号集 */int sighold(int signo); /* 将signo信号添加进进程的阻塞信号集 */int sigrelse(int signo); /* 将sigo信号从进程的阻塞信号集中移除 */int sigpending(sigset_t *set); /* 返回在阻塞期间收到的阻塞信号的集合 */int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *set); /* 在接收到某个信号之前,临时用set替换进程的信号掩码,并暂停进程执行,直到收到信号为止 */int sigpause(int signo); /* 将signo信号从信号掩码中移除,暂停进程,直到收到信号为止 */int sigwaitinfo(const sigset_t *set, struct siginfo *info); /* 调用的sigtimedwait */int sigtimedwait(const sigset_t *set, struct siginfo *info, const struct timespec *timeout); /* 将set作为阻塞信号集,当多个信号到达时,返回最小的返回,如果没有信号到达,在timeout时间内,进程会暂停,直到收到信号或者时间到期 */int sigqueue (int tid, int signo, union sigval value); /* 向tid Task发送signo信号,信号携带value数据 */int kill(pid_t pid, int sig); /* 向pid Task发送sig信号 */int pause(void); /* 暂停当前调用线程,直到收到一个non-blocked信号 */
从上述接口中可以看出,大致可以分为以下几类:
对信号集/信号本身的操作:比如信号集的清空与置位、将信号从信号集中删除、增加信号到信号集中、判断信号是否属于信号集等
对信号的行为响应:比如首先需要信号安装、设置信号的Handler、忽略某个信号、阻塞某些信号、在接收到某些信号前暂停当前进程(会涉及到任务的切换)等
发送信号:向某个特定的task发送信号,信号中还能携带数据
数据结构
数据结构又分为两部分:Kernel部分和User部分,其中Kernel部分也需要用到User部分的定义。
User部分,定义在
include/signal.h
中,主要描述信号的基本数据结构以及API接口
信号集的定义,总共包含32中信号,Nuttx提供了部分信号,其余的用户可以自定义
/* This defines a set of 32 signals (numbered 0 through 31). * REVISIT: Signal 0 is, however, not generally usable since that value has * special meaning in some circumstances (e.g., kill()). */typedef uint32_t sigset_t; /* Bit set of 32 signals */#define __SIGSET_T_DEFINED 1/* Signal set management definitions and macros. */#define NULL_SIGNAL_SET ((sigset_t)0x00000000)#define ALL_SIGNAL_SET ((sigset_t)0xffffffff)#define MIN_SIGNO 0#define MAX_SIGNO 31#define GOOD_SIGNO(s) ((((unsigned)(s))<=MAX_SIGNO))#define SIGNO2SET(s) ((sigset_t)1 << (s))/* A few of the real time signals are used within the OS. They have * default values that can be overridden from the configuration file. The * rest are all user signals. * * The signal number zero is wasted for the most part. It is a valid * signal number, but has special meaning at many interfaces (e.g., Kill()). * * These are the semi-standard signal definitions: */#define SIGUSR1 1 /* User signal 1 */#define SIGUSR2 2 /* User signal 2 */#define SIGALRM 3 /* Default signal used with POSIX timers (used only */ /* no other signal is provided) */#define SIGCHLD 4 /* Used by child threads to signal parent thread */#define SIGPOLL 5 /* Sent when an asynchronous I/O event occurs *//* The following are non-standard signal definitions */#define SIGCONDTIMEDOUT 16 /* Used in the implementation of pthread_cond_timedwait */#define SIGWORK 17 /* Used to wake up the work queue */
信号事件的定义,主要用于向消息队列发送信号,通知某个task队列中已经有消息了
/* Values for the sigev_notify field of struct sigevent */#define SIGEV_NONE 0 /* No asynchronous notification is delivered */#define SIGEV_SIGNAL 1 /* Notify via signal,with an application-defined value */#ifdef CONFIG_SIG_EVTHREAD#define SIGEV_THREAD 3 /* A notification function is called */#endif/* This defines the type of the siginfo si_value field */union sigval { int sival_int; /* Integer value */ FAR void *sival_ptr; /* Pointer value */};/* This structure contains elements that define a queue signal. The following is * used to attach a signal to a message queue to notify a task when a message is * available on a queue */#ifdef CONFIG_CAN_PASS_STRUCTStypedef CODE void (*sigev_notify_function_t)(union sigval value);#elsetypedef CODE void (*sigev_notify_function_t)(FAR void *sival_ptr);#endifstruct sigevent{ uint8_t sigev_notify; /* Notification method: SIGEV_SIGNAL, SIGEV_NONE, or SIGEV_THREAD */ uint8_t sigev_signo; /* Notification signal */ union sigval sigev_value; /* Data passed with notification */#ifdef CONFIG_SIG_EVTHREAD sigev_notify_function_t sigev_notify_function; /* Notification function */ FAR pthread_attr_t *sigev_notify_attributes; /* Notification attributes (not used) */#endif};
信号的定义,描述信号的内部细节信息,用于在信号Handler中的参数传递
/* These are the possible values of the signfo si_code field */#define SI_USER 0 /* Signal sent from kill, raise, or abort */#define SI_QUEUE 1 /* Signal sent from sigqueue */#define SI_TIMER 2 /* Signal is result of timer expiration */#define SI_ASYNCIO 3 /* Signal is the result of asynch IO completion */#define SI_MESGQ 4 /* Signal generated by arrival of a message on an */ /* empty message queue */#define CLD_EXITED 5 /* Child has exited (SIGCHLD only) */#define CLD_KILLED 6 /* Child was killed (SIGCHLD only) */#define CLD_DUMPED 7 /* Child terminated abnormally (SIGCHLD only) */#define CLD_TRAPPED 8 /* Traced child has trapped (SIGCHLD only) */#define CLD_STOPPED 9 /* Child has stopped (SIGCHLD only) */#define CLD_CONTINUED 10 /* Stopped child had continued (SIGCHLD only) *//* The following types is used to pass parameters to/from signal handlers */struct siginfo{ uint8_t si_signo; /* Identifies signal */ uint8_t si_code; /* Source: SI_USER, SI_QUEUE, SI_TIMER, SI_ASYNCIO, or SI_MESGQ */ uint8_t si_errno; /* Zero or errno value associated with signal */ union sigval si_value; /* Data passed with signal */#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HAVE_PARENT pid_t si_pid; /* Sending task ID */ int si_status; /* Exit value or signal (SIGCHLD only). */#endif};typedef struct siginfo siginfo_t;#define __SIGINFO_T_DEFINED 1
信号action的定义,当信号deliver的时候,Task所采取的行动,其中sigaction中sa_mask位域,表示的是当Handler在执行期间,需要阻塞的信号
/* struct sigaction flag values */#define SA_NOCLDSTOP (1 << 0) /* Do not generate SIGCHILD when * children stop (ignored) */#define SA_SIGINFO (1 << 1) /* Invoke the signal-catching function * with 3 args instead of 1 * (always assumed) */#define SA_NOCLDWAIT (1 << 2) /* If signo=SIGCHLD, exit status of child * processes will be discarded *//* Special values of of sa_handler used by sigaction and sigset. They are all * treated like NULL for now. This is okay for SIG_DFL and SIG_IGN because * in NuttX, the default action for all signals is to ignore them. */#define SIG_ERR ((_sa_handler_t)-1) /* And error occurred */#define SIG_DFL ((_sa_handler_t)0) /* Default is SIG_IGN for all signals */#define SIG_IGN ((_sa_handler_t)0) /* Ignore the signal */#define SIG_HOLD ((_sa_handler_t)1) /* Used only with sigset() *//* Non-standard convenience definition of signal handling function types. * These should be used only internally within the NuttX signal logic. */typedef CODE void (*_sa_handler_t)(int signo);typedef CODE void (*_sa_sigaction_t)(int signo, FAR siginfo_t *siginfo, FAR void *context);/* The following structure defines the action to take for given signal */struct sigaction{ union { _sa_handler_t _sa_handler; _sa_sigaction_t _sa_sigaction; } sa_u; sigset_t sa_mask; int sa_flags; };/* Definitions that adjust the non-standard naming */#define sa_handler sa_u._sa_handler#define sa_sigaction sa_u._sa_sigaction
Kernle部分,定义在include/sched/signal/signal.h中,主要描述了Kernel中是如何实现信号机制的
描述一个信号的action的结构,指针flink将sigactq链接起来管理,系统注册一个信号,底层将用一个sigactq结构体来对应
/* The following defines the sigaction queue entry */struct sigactq{ FAR struct sigactq *flink; /* Forward link */ struct sigaction act; /* Sigaction data */ uint8_t signo; /* Signal associated with action */};typedef struct sigactq sigactq_t;
描述pending信号(未决信号)的结构,其中info中包括信号的详细信息,该信号会通过flink链接管理
/* The following defines the queue structure within each TCB to hold pending * signals received by the task. These are signals that cannot be processed * because: (1) the task is not waiting for them, or (2) the task has no * action associated with the signal. */struct sigpendq{ FAR struct sigpendq *flink; /* Forward link */ siginfo_t info; /* Signal information */ uint8_t type; /* (Used to manage allocations) */};typedef struct sigpendq sigpendq_t;
描述需要被执行的信号节队列点结构,当任务注册了信号并接收到信号后,会分配一个信号队列节点,将该节点挂载到任务tcb->sigpendactionq链表上等待运行信号服务函数。其中action指向信号处理函数,mask用于当信号处理函数运行时阻塞其他信号,info是信号的详细信息
/* The following defines the queue structure within each TCB to hold queued * signal actions that need action by the task */struct sigq_s{ FAR struct sigq_s *flink; /* Forward link */ union { void (*sighandler)(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *context); } action; /* Signal action */ sigset_t mask; /* Additional signals to mask while the * the signal-catching function executes */ siginfo_t info; /* Signal information */ uint8_t type; /* (Used to manage allocations) */};typedef struct sigq_s sigq_t;
上述三种结构,
struct sigactq
描述信号的action,struct sigpendq
描述未决的信号,struct sigq_s
描述的是信号与action的对应关系,可以认为是一个纽带,将信号和Action绑定到一起。这几个结构的名字让我懵逼了好久。还有更懵逼的在下边。
基于上述的三个结构体,系统维护了5个全局队列,用于最终信号的处理,信号处理过程中,这三个结构体的节点,将在这5个全局队列中进行流动,有点类似于任务调度中任务队列的意思。
存放action的队列,存放
sigactq_t
,用于Action资源的分配
/* The g_sigfreeaction data structure is a list of available signal action * structures. */extern sq_queue_t g_sigfreeaction;
存放信号队列节点的队列,存放
sigq_t
,此时Action和信号已经完成了绑定,用于sigq_t
资源的分配。存放信号队列节点的队有两种:用于普通分配的队列和用于中断中分配的队列。
/* The g_sigpendingaction data structure is a list of available pending * signal action structures. */extern sq_queue_t g_sigpendingaction;/* The g_sigpendingirqaction is a list of available pending signal actions * that are reserved for use by interrupt handlers. */extern sq_queue_t g_sigpendingirqaction;
存放未决信号的队列,存放
sigpendq_t
,用于未决信号资源的分配。同2相似,它也存在两种队列:用于普通分配的队列和用于中断中分配的队列。
/* The g_sigpendingsignal data structure is a list of available pending * signal structures. */extern sq_queue_t g_sigpendingsignal;/* The g_sigpendingirqsignal data structure is a list of available pending * signal structures that are reserved for use by interrupt handlers. */extern sq_queue_t g_sigpendingirqsignal;
那么这三种数据结构以及几个全局队列又是怎么对应到Task数据结构中的呢,先看看Task中与信号相关的位域吧,有两部分:
第一部分:
struct tcb_s {...#ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS sigset_t sigprocmask; /* Signals that are blocked */ sigset_t sigwaitmask; /* Waiting for pending signals */ sq_queue_t sigpendactionq; /* List of pending signal actions */ sq_queue_t sigpostedq; /* List of posted signals */ siginfo_t sigunbinfo; /* Signal info when task unblocked */#endif... }
上述代码中位域介绍如下:
sigprocmask
:任务Tcb
的阻塞信号集,如果某个信号属于这个阻塞信号集,那么发送该信号到Tcb
时,信号被阻塞。除非该信号是等待的信号,或者Tcb
任务取消了对该信号的阻塞,信号才会被deliver。
sigwaitmask
:该任务等待的信号集。
sigpendactionq
:用于挂载该任务需要服务的信号节点sigq_t
,任务开始执行时,sigpendactionq
中的节点所代表的信号处理函数将被运行。在信号处理函数运行前,该信号的sigq_t
节点将从sigpendactionq
队列中转移到sigpostedq
队列中。
sigpostedq
:用于挂载该任务正在执行信号处理函数的信号节点sigq_t
,当信号处理函数执行完毕后,信号节点sigq_t
将被从队列中移除,然后被释放。
sigunbinfo
:用于记录信号信息
从上可以看出,上述结构中的
sigpendactionq
会存放sigq_t
资源,也就是已经完成了信号和Action绑定后的节点。显然,sigq_t
资源会在tcb->sigpendactionq
字段指向的队列和g_sigpendingaction
/g_sigpendingirqaction
之间流动。
第二部分,在
struct task_group_s
中,如果定义了TASK_GROUP的话就会包含。
struct task_group_s{...#ifndef CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS /* POSIX Signal Control Fields ************************************************/ sq_queue_t tg_sigactionq; /* List of actions for signals */ sq_queue_t tg_sigpendingq; /* List of pending signals */#endif... }
上述两个位域含义很清晰,一个用于放置Action,一个用于放置信号。对应到前边的五个全局队列,可以知道:
sigactq_t
资源在task_group->tg_sigactionq
指向的队列和g_sigfreeaction
队列中流动;sigpendq_t
资源在task_group->tg_sigpendingq
指向的队列和g_sigpendingsignal
/g_sigpendingirqsignal
队列中流动。
到这里为止,基本上将所有的数据结构及资源捋清了。注册信号就是关联一个Task和某个信号处理函数,当Task接收到信号后,对应信号的信号处理函数被运行。而涉及到这个处理流程的所有资源(上述结构体描述),就是在这些资源队列中进行流转。
来一张图吧信号机制
注册信号
通过
int sigaction(int signo, FAR const struct sigaction *act, FAR struct sigaction *oact)
接口可以查询和设置信号关联的处理方式。在该函数中,完成了以下几个功能:
将
act
对应的sigaction
设置进本task
中,并将之前的sigaction
以oact
的形式传递出来。根据
signo
查询task_group->tg_sigactionq
中是否有对应的sigactq_t
,没有的话从系统g_sigfreeaction
链表中分配一个。根据
act
对应的sigaction
中Handler
的处理方式(忽略信号,还是提供处理函数),更新sigactq_t
结构,最终将sigactq_t
的结构插入到task_group->tg_sigactionq
中。
整个过程,就是将sigaction注册进Task中的链表中,还是直接看源代码来得更清晰,代码里有详尽的注释,理解起来比较容易。
/**************************************************************************** * Name: sigaction * * Description: * This function allows the calling process to examine and/or specify the * action to be associated with a specific signal. * * The structure sigaction, used to describe an action to be taken, is * defined to include the following members: * * - sa_u.sa_handler: Pointer to a signal-catching function * - sa_u.sa_sigaction: Alternative form of the signal-catching function * - sa_mask: An additional set of signals to be blocked during execution * of a signal catching function * - sa_flags. Special flags to affect the behavior of a signal. * * If the argument 'act' is not NULL, it points to a structure specifying * the action to be associated with the specified signal. If the argument * 'oact' is not NULL, the action previously associated with the signal * is stored in the location pointed to by the argument 'oact.' * * When a signal is caught by a signal-catching function installed by * sigaction() function, a new signal mask is calculated and installed for * the duration of the signal-catching function. This mask is formed by * taking the union of the current signal mask and the value of the * sa_mask for the signal being delivered and then including the signal * being delivered. If and when the user's signal handler returns, the * original signal mask is restored. * * Once an action is installed for a specific signal, it remains installed * until another action is explicitly requested by another call to sigaction(). * * Parameters: * sig - Signal of interest * act - Location of new handler * oact - Location to store only handler * * Return Value: * 0 (OK), or -1 (ERROR) if the signal number is invalid. * (errno is not set) * * Assumptions: * * POSIX Compatibility: * - There are no default actions so the special value SIG_DFL is treated * like SIG_IGN. * - All sa_flags in struct sigaction of act input are ignored (all * treated like SA_SIGINFO). The one exception is if CONFIG_SCHED_CHILD_STATUS * is defined; then SA_NOCLDWAIT is supported but only for SIGCHLD * ****************************************************************************/int sigaction(int signo, FAR const struct sigaction *act, FAR struct sigaction *oact) { FAR struct tcb_s *rtcb = this_task(); FAR struct task_group_s *group; FAR sigactq_t *sigact; /* Since sigactions can only be installed from the running thread of * execution, no special precautions should be necessary. */ DEBUGASSERT(rtcb != NULL && rtcb->group != NULL); group = rtcb->group; /* Verify the signal number */ if (!GOOD_SIGNO(signo)) { set_errno(EINVAL); return ERROR; } /* Find the signal in the signal action queue */ sigact = sig_findaction(group, signo); /* Return the old sigaction value if so requested */ if (oact) { if (sigact) { COPY_SIGACTION(oact, &sigact->act); } else { /* There isn't an old value */ oact->sa_u._sa_handler = NULL; oact->sa_mask = NULL_SIGNAL_SET; oact->sa_flags = 0; } } /* If the argument act is a null pointer, signal handling is unchanged; * thus, the call can be used to enquire about the current handling of * a given signal. */ if (!act) { return OK; }#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_HAVE_PARENT) && defined(CONFIG_SCHED_CHILD_STATUS) /* Handle a special case. Retention of child status can be suppressed * if signo == SIGCHLD and sa_flags == SA_NOCLDWAIT. * * POSIX.1 leaves it unspecified whether a SIGCHLD signal is generated * when a child process terminates. In NuttX, a SIGCHLD signal is * generated in this case; but in some other implementations, it may not * be. */ if (signo == SIGCHLD && (act->sa_flags & SA_NOCLDWAIT) != 0) { irqstate_t flags; /* We do require a critical section to muck with the TCB values that * can be modified by the child thread. */ flags = enter_critical_section(); /* Mark that status should be not be retained */ rtcb->group->tg_flags |= GROUP_FLAG_NOCLDWAIT; /* Free all pending exit status */ group_removechildren(rtcb->group); leave_critical_section(flags); }#endif /* Handle the case where no sigaction is supplied (SIG_IGN) */ if (act->sa_u._sa_handler == SIG_IGN) { /* Do we still have a sigaction container from the previous setting? */ if (sigact) { /* Yes.. Remove it from signal action queue */ sq_rem((FAR sq_entry_t *)sigact, &group->tg_sigactionq); /* And deallocate it */ sig_releaseaction(sigact); } } /* A sigaction has been supplied */ else { /* Do we still have a sigaction container from the previous setting? * If so, then re-use for the new signal action. */ if (!sigact) { /* No.. Then we need to allocate one for the new action. */ sigact = sig_allocateaction(); /* An error has occurred if we could not allocate the sigaction */ if (!sigact) { set_errno(ENOMEM); return ERROR; } /* Put the signal number in the queue entry */ sigact->signo = (uint8_t)signo; /* Add the new sigaction to signal action queue */ sq_addlast((FAR sq_entry_t *)sigact, &group->tg_sigactionq); } /* Set the new sigaction */ COPY_SIGACTION(&sigact->act, act); } return OK; }
发送信号
发送信号以
kill()
函数来解释是再合适不过了。
在kill()
函数中,根据传进来的PID号,找到对应的Task,并向该Task发送信号,关键代码如下:
int kill(pid_t pid, int signo){ ... /* Keep things stationary through the following */ sched_lock(); /* Create the siginfo structure */ info.si_signo = signo; info.si_code = SI_USER; info.si_errno = EINTR; info.si_value.sival_ptr = NULL;#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HAVE_PARENT info.si_pid = rtcb->pid; info.si_status = OK;#endif /* Send the signal */ ret = sig_dispatch(pid, &info); sched_unlock(); ... }
调用到
sig_dispatch()
接口,完成信号的分发,而在sig_dispatch()接口中,又将调用sig_tcbdispatch()
接口,最核心的部分在于sig_tcbdispatch()
,事实上上层信号最终的分发都在这个接口中实现。
sig_tcbdispatch()
函数,主要完成以下几点功能:
如果分发的信号在目标
Task
中是是masked
,而且Task
的状态没有变成等待该信号的话,就将信号添加进pending
队列中,也就是task_group->tg_sigpendingq
队列中;而如果Task
的状态变成了需要等待这个之前mask
掉的信号,这时候就调用up_unblock_task()
接口,完成任务的切换。如果分发的信号在目标
Task
中是unmask
,此时需要调用sig_queueaction()
接口,将一个sigq_t
结构添加进tcb->sigpendactionq
队列中。当然,在sig_queueaction()
接口中,会去从上文中提到过的全局队列中获取sigq_t
结构资源。加入到tcb->sigpendactionq
队列后,调用up_schedule_sigaction()
接口,该接口主要是更新Task
对应的Tcb
中的内容,最终调用up_unblock_task()
进行任务切换的时候,能去处理信号。
最终信号发送成功,有两件事完成了:1)在目标
Task
的tcb->sigpendactionq
队列中,成功的添加了sigq_t
结构,该结构完成了信号和Action
的匹配;2)更新了目标Task
的tcb->xcp
中的内容,更新完这个后,当完成任务切换的时候,Context Restore
的时候会将tcb->xcp
中的内容恢复到寄存器中,因此也就能跳转到信号处理函数中执行。
关键代码如下:
/**************************************************************************** * Name: sig_tcbdispatch * * Description: * All signals received the task (whatever the source) go through this * function to be processed. This function is responsible for: * * - Determining if the signal is blocked. * - Queuing and dispatching signal actions * - Unblocking tasks that are waiting for signals * - Queuing pending signals. * * This function will deliver the signal to the task associated with * the specified TCB. This function should *not* typically be used * to dispatch signals since it will *not* follow the group signal * deliver algorithms. * * Returned Value: * Returns 0 (OK) on success or a negated errno value on failure. * ****************************************************************************/int sig_tcbdispatch(FAR struct tcb_s *stcb, siginfo_t *info){ ... /************************* MASKED SIGNAL HANDLING ************************/ /* Check if the signal is masked -- if it is, it will be added to the list * of pending signals. */ if (sigismember(&stcb->sigprocmask, info->si_signo)) { /* Check if the task is waiting for this pending signal. If so, then unblock it. * This must be performed in a critical section because signals can be queued * from the interrupt level. */ flags = enter_critical_section(); if (stcb->task_state == TSTATE_WAIT_SIG && sigismember(&stcb->sigwaitmask, info->si_signo)) { memcpy(&stcb->sigunbinfo, info, sizeof(siginfo_t)); stcb->sigwaitmask = NULL_SIGNAL_SET; up_unblock_task(stcb); leave_critical_section(flags); } /* Its not one we are waiting for... Add it to the list of pending * signals. */ else { leave_critical_section(flags); ASSERT(sig_addpendingsignal(stcb, info)); } } /************************ UNMASKED SIGNAL HANDLING ***********************/ else { #ifdef CONFIG_SMP int cpu;#endif /* Queue any sigaction's requested by this task. */ ret = sig_queueaction(stcb, info); /* Deliver of the signal must be performed in a critical section */ flags = enter_critical_section();#ifdef CONFIG_SMP /* If the thread is running on another CPU, then pause that CPU. We can * then setup the for signal delivery on the running thread. When the * CPU is resumed, the signal handler will then execute. */ cpu = sched_cpu_pause(stcb);#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ /* Then schedule execution of the signal handling action on the * recipient's thread. */ up_schedule_sigaction(stcb, sig_deliver);#ifdef CONFIG_SMP /* Resume the paused CPU (if any) */ if (cpu >= 0) { /* I am not yet sure how to handle a failure here. */ DEBUGVERIFY(up_cpu_resume(cpu)); }#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ /* Check if the task is waiting for an unmasked signal. If so, then * unblock it. This must be performed in a critical section because * signals can be queued from the interrupt level. */ if (stcb->task_state == TSTATE_WAIT_SIG) { memcpy(&stcb->sigunbinfo, info, sizeof(siginfo_t)); stcb->sigwaitmask = NULL_SIGNAL_SET; up_unblock_task(stcb); } leave_critical_section(flags); /* If the task neither was waiting for the signal nor had a signal * handler attached to the signal, then the default action is * simply to ignore the signal */ /*********************** OTHER SIGNAL HANDLING ***********************/ /* If the task is blocked waiting for a semaphore, then that task must * be unblocked when a signal is received. */... }
作者:Loyen
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/7078a647e63f
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