TCP黏包拆包
TCP是一个流协议,就是没有界限的一长串二进制数据。TCP作为传输层协议并不不了解上层业务数据的具体含义,它会根据TCP缓冲区的实际情况进行数据包的划分,所以在业务上认为是一个完整的包,可能会被TCP拆分成多个包进行发送,也有可能把多个小的包封装成一个大的数据包发送,这就是所谓的TCP粘包和拆包问题。
怎么解决?
消息定长度,传输的数据大小固定长度,例如每段的长度固定为100字节,如果不够空位补空格
在数据包尾部添加特殊分隔符,比如下划线,中划线等
将消息分为消息头和消息体,消息头中包含表示信息的总长度
Netty提供了多个解码器,可以进行分包的操作,分别是:
LineBasedFrameDecoder (回车换行分包)
DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(特殊分隔符分包)
FixedLengthFrameDecoder(固定长度报文来分包)
LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(自定义长度来分包)
制造粘包和拆包问题
为了验证我们的解码器能够解决这种粘包和拆包带来的问题,首先我们就制造一个这样的问题,以此用来做对比。
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("server:" + msg.toString()); ctx.writeAndFlush(msg.toString() + "你好" ); } }); } }) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); try { ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.bind(2222).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } }
客户端我们发送一个比较长的字符串,如果服务端收到的消息是一条,那么就是对的,如果是多条,那么就有问题了。
public static void main(String[] args) { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); Channel channel = null; try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(workerGroup); b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("client:" + msg.toString()); } }); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 2222).sync(); channel = f.channel(); StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { msg.append("hello yinjihuan"); } channel.writeAndFlush(msg); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
首先启动服务端,然后再启动客户端,通过控制台可以看到服务接收的数据分成了2次,这就是我们要解决的问题。
server:hello yinjihuanhello....server:o yinjihuanhello...
LineBasedFrameDecoder
用LineBasedFrameDecoder 来解决需要在发送的数据结尾加上回车换行符,这样LineBasedFrameDecoder 才知道这段数据有没有读取完整。
改造服务端代码,只需加上LineBasedFrameDecoder 解码器即可,构造函数的参数是数据包的最大长度。
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(10240)); ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("server:" + msg.toString()); ctx.writeAndFlush(msg.toString() + "你好"); } }); }
改造客户端发送代码,再数据后面加上回车换行符
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 2222).sync(); channel = f.channel(); StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { msg.append("hello yinjihuan"); } channel.writeAndFlush(msg + System.getProperty("line.separator"));
DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder
DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder和LineBasedFrameDecoder差不多,DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder可以自己定义需要分割的符号,比如下划线,中划线等等。
改造服务端代码,只需加上DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder解码器即可,构造函数的参数是数据包的最大长度。我们用下划线来分割。
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(10240, Unpooled.copiedBuffer("_".getBytes()))); ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("server:" + msg.toString()); ctx.writeAndFlush(msg.toString() + "你好"); } }); }
改造客户端发送代码,再数据后面加上下划线
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 2222).sync(); channel = f.channel(); StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { msg.append("hello yinjihuan"); } channel.writeAndFlush(msg + "_");
FixedLengthFrameDecoder
FixedLengthFrameDecoder是按固定的数据长度来进行解码的,也就是说你客户端发送的每条消息的长度是固定的,下面我们看看怎么使用。
服务端还是一样,增加FixedLengthFrameDecoder解码器即可。
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(1500)); ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("server:" + msg.toString()); ctx.writeAndFlush(msg.toString() + "你好"); } }); }
客户端,msg输出的长度就是1500
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 2222).sync(); channel = f.channel(); StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { msg.append("hello yinjihuan"); } System.out.println(msg.length()); channel.writeAndFlush(msg);
LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
服务端代码:
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4)); ch.pipeline().addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4)); ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { System.err.println("server:" + msg.toString()); ctx.writeAndFlush(msg.toString() + "你好"); } }); }
客户端,直接发送就行
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 2222).sync(); channel = f.channel(); StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { msg.append("hello yinjihuan"); } channel.writeAndFlush(msg);
作者:尹吉欢
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e3a133fca828
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