构建multipart/form-data实现文件上传
通常文件上传都是通过
form
表单中的file
控件,并将form中的content-type设置为multipart/form-data
。现在我们通过java来构建这部分请求内容实现文件上传功能。
一、关于multipart/form-data
文件上传本质上是一个POST
请求。只不过请求头以及请求内容遵循一定的规则(协议)
请求头(Request Headers)中需要设置
Content-Type
为multipart/form-data; boundary=${boundary}
。其中${boundary}
分割线,需要在代码中替换,且尽量复杂,不易重复请求正文(Request Body)需要使用在 Header中设置的
${boundary}
来分割当前正文中的FormItem,内容格式如下--${boundary} Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id" testCodeUpload --${boundary} Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file";filename="xx.txt" Content-Type: application/octet-stream {{这里写入文件流}} --${boundary}--
正文开始以
前缀
+${boundary}开始,以前缀
+${boundary}+前缀
结束。中间每个FormItem
以前缀
+${boundary}开始,以一个空白的换行结束。
二、代码实现
实例代码采用
HttpURLConnection
实现一个简单POST
请求
建立
http
请求,设置基本参数
URL postUrl = new URL(url); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
添加文件上传必须的请求信息,获取http请输出流
String boundary = "----" + UUID.randomUUID().toString(); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary); OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
一组
FormItem
sb.append(boundaryPrefix); sb.append(boundary); sb.append(newLine); sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"id\""); sb.append(newLine); sb.append(newLine); sb.append("testCodeUpload"); sb.append(newLine);
文件写人
sb.append(boundaryPrefix); sb.append(boundary); sb.append(newLine); sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\""); sb.append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream"); sb.append(newLine); sb.append(newLine); out.write(sb.toString().getBytes()); File file = new File(file1); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];int bytes = 0;while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) { out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes); } out.write(newLine.getBytes()); in.close();
结束标志 前缀+boundary +前缀
byte[] end_data = (newLine + boundaryPrefix + boundary + boundaryPrefix + newLine) .getBytes(); out.write(end_data); out.flush(); out.close();
三、文件接收
文件接收端通过迭代每个FileItem获取不同的数据
FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");try { items = upload.parseRequest(request); } catch (FileUploadException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); out.println(ex.getMessage()); return; } Iterator<FileItem> itr = items.iterator(); String id = "", fileName = "";int chunks = 1, chunk = 0; FileItem tempFileItem = null;while (itr.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) itr.next();if (item.getFieldName().equals("id")) { id = item.getString(); } else if (item.getFieldName().equals("name")) { fileName = new String(item.getString().getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8"); } else if (item.getFieldName().equals("file")) { tempFileItem = item; }
四、总结
通过代码实现一遍文件上传,了解其运行机制,解开了以前在写文件上传代码中item.getFieldName().equals("name")
等相关判断的疑惑。所以,对于已有的基础代码,还是多看,多写,多实践。
附完整代码
1 @Test 2 public void buildUploadStream() throws IOException { 3 String url ="uploadurl"; 4 file1 = "D:\\test.xls"; 5 fileName = "test.xls"; 6 7 String newLine = "\r\n"; 8 String boundaryPrefix = "--"; 9 String boundary = "----" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();10 11 URL postUrl = new URL(url);12 HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();13 14 conn.setRequestMethod("POST");15 conn.setDoInput(true);16 conn.setDoOutput(true);17 conn.setUseCaches(false);18 19 conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");20 conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");21 conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",22 "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);23 24 OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();25 26 27 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();28 29 sb.append(boundaryPrefix);30 sb.append(boundary);31 sb.append(newLine);32 33 sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"id\"");34 sb.append(newLine);35 sb.append(newLine);36 sb.append("testCodeUpload");37 sb.append(newLine);38 39 sb.append(boundaryPrefix);40 sb.append(boundary);41 sb.append(newLine);42 43 sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"");44 sb.append(newLine);45 sb.append(newLine);46 sb.append(fileName);47 sb.append(newLine);48 49 sb.append(boundaryPrefix);50 sb.append(boundary);51 sb.append(newLine);52 53 sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\""54 + fileName + "\"");55 sb.append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");56 sb.append(newLine);57 sb.append(newLine);58 59 out.write(sb.toString().getBytes());60 61 File file = new File(file1);62 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);63 byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];64 int bytes = 0;65 while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {66 out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);67 }68 out.write(newLine.getBytes());69 in.close();70 byte[] end_data = (newLine + boundaryPrefix + boundary + boundaryPrefix + newLine)71 .getBytes();72 out.write(end_data);73 out.flush();74 out.close();75 76 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(77 conn.getInputStream()));78 String line = null;79 while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {80 System.out.println(line);81 }82 }
all code
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