springboot情操陶冶-web配置(八)
本文关注应用的安全方面,涉及校验以及授权方面,以springboot自带的security板块作为讲解的内容
实例
建议用户可直接路由至博主的先前博客spring security整合cas方案。本文则针对相关的源码作下简单的分析,方便笔者以及读者更深入的了解spring的security板块
@EnableWebSecurity
这个注解很精髓,基本上可以作为security的入口,笔者贴一下它的源码
@Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE })@Documented@Import({ WebSecurityConfiguration.class, SpringWebMvcImportSelector.class })@EnableGlobalAuthentication@Configurationpublic @interface EnableWebSecurity { /** * Controls debugging support for Spring Security. Default is false. * @return if true, enables debug support with Spring Security */ boolean debug() default false; }
可以分为三个部分来分析,SpringWebMvcImportSelector
-支持mvc的参数安全校验,替代了@EnableWebMvcSecurity注解WebSecurityConfiguration
-Web的安全配置@EnableGlobalAuthentication
-支持公共的认证校验
SpringWebMvcImportSelector
首先先看下其如何整合mvc的安全校验,其是一个ImportSelector接口,观察下其复写的方法
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) { boolean webmvcPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent( "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet", getClass().getClassLoader()); return webmvcPresent ? new String[] { "org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebMvcSecurityConfiguration" } : new String[] {}; }
由上述代码可知,在classpath环境中存在mvc的关键类DispatcherServlet时便会引入WebMvcSecurityConfiguration类,那么此类又配置了什么东西呢?
里面的代码很简单,但关键是其是WebMvcConfigurer接口的实现类,根据之前的文章提到,该接口主要是用于配置MVC的相关功能,比如参数处理器、返回值处理器、异常处理器等等。
而该类只是扩展了相应的参数处理器,我们可以看下源码
@Override @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers) { // 支持@AuthenticationPrinciple参数注解校验 AuthenticationPrincipalArgumentResolver authenticationPrincipalResolver = new AuthenticationPrincipalArgumentResolver(); authenticationPrincipalResolver.setBeanResolver(beanResolver); argumentResolvers.add(authenticationPrincipalResolver); // 废弃 argumentResolvers .add(new org.springframework.security.web.bind.support.AuthenticationPrincipalArgumentResolver()); // csrf token参数 argumentResolvers.add(new CsrfTokenArgumentResolver()); }
针对@AuthenticationPrinciple
注解的参数校验,本文不展开了,这里作下归纳
带有@AuthenticationPrinciple注解的参数其值会从SecurityContext的上下文读取相应的Authentication校验信息
有一个要求,被该注解修饰的参数须同SecurityContext的上下文存放的Authentication信息为同一接口,否则则会返回null。如果设置了errorOnInvalidType属性为true,则会抛异常
综上所述,该注解主要是方便将校验通过的Token用于参数赋值,其它的作用也不是很大
@EnableGlobalAuthentication
再来分析下springboot-security的公共认证校验是什么概念,贴下源码
@Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE })@Documented@Import(AuthenticationConfiguration.class)@Configurationpublic @interface EnableGlobalAuthentication { }
OK,直接进入相应的AuthenticationConfiguration类进行具体的分析
1.其引入了ObjectPostProcessorConfiguration配置用于创建AutowireBeanFactoryObjectPostProcessor类,作用应该是通过Spring上下文实例相应的实体类并注册到bean工厂中
@Bean public ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor( AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory) { return new AutowireBeanFactoryObjectPostProcessor(beanFactory); }
2.创建基于密码机制的认证管理器Bean,类型为DefaultPasswordEncoderAuthenticationManagerBuilder
@Bean public AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder( ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor, ApplicationContext context) { // 密码加密器 LazyPasswordEncoder defaultPasswordEncoder = new LazyPasswordEncoder(context); // 认证事件传播器 AuthenticationEventPublisher authenticationEventPublisher = getBeanOrNull(context, AuthenticationEventPublisher.class); // 默认的认证管理器 DefaultPasswordEncoderAuthenticationManagerBuilder result = new DefaultPasswordEncoderAuthenticationManagerBuilder(objectPostProcessor, defaultPasswordEncoder); if (authenticationEventPublisher != null) { result.authenticationEventPublisher(authenticationEventPublisher); } return result; }
上述的密码加密器支持多种方式的加密,比如bcrypt(默认)/ladp/md5/sha-1等,感兴趣的读者可自行阅读。用户也可多用此Bean作额外的扩展,例如官方建议的如下代码
@Configuration@EnableGlobalAuthenticationpublic class MyGlobalAuthenticationConfiguration { @Autowired public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) { auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("user").password("password").roles("USER") .and().withUser("admin").password("password").roles("ADMIN,USER"); } }
3.创建基于UserDetails的认证器,用于管理用户的授权信息
@Bean public static InitializeUserDetailsBeanManagerConfigurer initializeUserDetailsBeanManagerConfigurer(ApplicationContext context) { return new InitializeUserDetailsBeanManagerConfigurer(context); }
其会创建基于Datasource源的DaoAuthenticationProvider认证校验器,前提是ApplicationContext上下文存在UserDetailsServiceBean对象,否则会不创建。如果用户想基于数据库或者其他数据源的可尝试复写UserDetailsService接口
@Configurationpublic class DaoUserDetailsServiceConfig { /** * load user info by dao * * @see org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider */ @Configuration public static class DefaultUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { private static final String DEFAULT_PASS = "defaultPass"; // admin authority private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> adminAuthority; @Resource private PasswordEncoder defaultPasswordEncoder; public DefaultUserDetailsService() { SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"); List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); authorities.add(authority); adminAuthority = Collections.unmodifiableList(authorities); } @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { User userdetails = new User(username, defaultPasswordEncoder.encode(DEFAULT_PASS), adminAuthority); return userdetails; } @Bean public PasswordEncoder daoPasswordEncoder() { PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); return passwordEncoder; } } }
注意:实现UserDetailsService的自定义实例请确保只有一个注册至ApplicationContext上,否则上述的基于数据源配置无法自动化配置;但也可通过AuthenticationManagerBuilder#userDetailsService()方法来进行相应的配置
4.创建AuthenticationProvider认证器,用于用户信息的校验
@Bean public static InitializeAuthenticationProviderBeanManagerConfigurer initializeAuthenticationProviderBeanManagerConfigurer(ApplicationContext context) { return new InitializeAuthenticationProviderBeanManagerConfigurer(context); }
同第三点,只是它就配置简单的AuthenticationProvider至相应的AuthenticationManagerBuilderBean中
所以综上所述,@EnableGlobalAuthentication注解的主要目的是配置认证管理器,里面包含了加密器以及相应的认证器
WebSecurityConfiguration
web方面的安全配置,笔者也根据加载的顺序来进行分析
1.获取WebSecurityConfigurer接口bean集合的AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents类
@Bean public static AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents( ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { return new AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(beanFactory); }
此Bean用于获取所有注册在bean工厂上的WebSecurityConfigurer接口,用户也一般通过此接口的抽象类WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter来进行相应的扩展
2.设置Security的Filter过滤链配置,提前为创建过滤链作准备
@Autowired(required = false) public void setFilterChainProxySecurityConfigurer( ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor, @Value("#{@autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents.getWebSecurityConfigurers()}") List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers) throws Exception { // WebSecurity创建 webSecurity = objectPostProcessor .postProcess(new WebSecurity(objectPostProcessor)); if (debugEnabled != null) { webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled); } // 根据@Order属性排序 Collections.sort(webSecurityConfigurers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); Integer previousOrder = null; Object previousConfig = null; // 校验Order对应的值,不允许相同,否则会抛出异常 for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> config : webSecurityConfigurers) { Integer order = AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.lookupOrder(config); if (previousOrder != null && previousOrder.equals(order)) { throw new IllegalStateException( "@Order on WebSecurityConfigurers must be unique. Order of " + order + " was already used on " + previousConfig + ", so it cannot be used on " + config + " too."); } previousOrder = order; previousConfig = config; } // 对排序过的SecurityConfigurer依次放入WebSecurity对象中 for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> webSecurityConfigurer : webSecurityConfigurers) { webSecurity.apply(webSecurityConfigurer); } this.webSecurityConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers; }
这里便提一下,我们在继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter抽象类的时候,记得在其头上加上@Order属性,并且保证值唯一
3.创建Security过滤链
@Bean(name = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public Filter springSecurityFilterChain() throws Exception { // 如果用户没有配置WebSecurityConfigurer接口,则创建一个空的 boolean hasConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers != null && !webSecurityConfigurers.isEmpty(); if (!hasConfigurers) { WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter adapter = objectObjectPostProcessor .postProcess(new WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() { }); webSecurity.apply(adapter); } // create Filter return webSecurity.build(); }
看来Filter拦截器的配置是通过WebSecurity这个类来完成的,限于里面的代码过于复杂,本文就不展开了,感兴趣的读者可以重点关注下此类。由此可以得出Springboot的安全校验是通过过滤链的设计方式来完成的
4.URI权限校验Bean,其依赖于第三点的配置
@Bean @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator privilegeEvaluator() throws Exception { return webSecurity.getPrivilegeEvaluator(); }
5.安全校验表达式验证Bean,其也依赖于第三点的配置,应该是与第四点搭配使用
@Bean @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public SecurityExpressionHandler<FilterInvocation> webSecurityExpressionHandler() { return webSecurity.getExpressionHandler(); }
小结
Springboot整合的Security板块内容很多,本文也展示不完,不过值得关注的是以下几个方面
1)WebSecurity的个性化配置类,一般是复写抽象接口WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,再加上@EnableWebSecurity注解便可
2)AuthenticationManagerBuilder认证校验器,重点关注其中的密码校验器,用于密码的加密解密,默认使用bcrypt方式。如果用户想通过其他数据源获取用户信息,可以关注UserDetailsService接口
3)WebSecurity类,此类是Springboot Security模块的核心类,具体的过滤链配置均是由此类得到的。读者以及笔者应该对此加以关注
作者:南柯问天 出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/question-sky/p/10084423.html
本文版权归本人和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
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