SpringBoot应用启动过程分析
真的好奇害死猫!之前写过几个SpringBoot应用,但是一直没搞明白应用到底是怎么启动的,心里一直有点膈应。好吧,趁有空去看了下源码,写下这篇博客作为学习记录吧!
个人拙见,若哪里有理解不对的地方,请各路大神指正,小弟不胜感激!
一.应用启动类
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
开发SpirngBoot应用时,入口类就这简单的几行。但是却完成了N多服务的初始化、加载和发布。那么这几行代码究竟干了什么呢,SpringBoot应用到底是怎么启动的。
二.@SpringBootApplication注解
2.1.SpringBootApplication注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Inherited@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@SpringBootApplication=@SpringBootConfiguration+@EnableAutoConfiguration+@ComponentScan
2.2.@SpringBootConfiguration
/** * Indicates that a class Spring Boot application * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an alternative to the Spring's * standard {@code @Configuration} annotation so that configuration can be found * automatically (for example in tests). */@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Configurationpublic @interface SpringBootConfiguration { }
SpringBootConfiguration注解和Spring的@Configuration注解作用一样。标注当前类是配置类,并会将当前类内声明的一个或多个以@Bean注解标记的方法的实例纳入到spring容器中。比如容器加载时,会生成Hello的Bean加载到IOC容器中。
@SpringBootConfigurationpublic class ExampleConfig { @Bean public void Hello(){ System.out.println("hello"); } }
2.3.@EnableAutoConfiguration
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Inherited@AutoConfigurationPackage@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { }
这个注解是SpringBoot能进行自动配置的关键。@Import注解用于导入配置类,我们看下导入类EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector。容器刷新时,会调用AutoConfigurationImportSelector类的selectImports方法,扫描META-INF/spring.factories文件自动配置类(key为EnableAutoConfiguration),然后Spring容器处理配置类。(对Spring的一些加载过程不清晰,我是相当的迷啊)
2.4.@ComponentScan
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })/** * Configures component scanning directives for use with @{@link Configuration} classes. * Provides support parallel with Spring XML's {@code <context:component-scan>} element. * * <p>Either {@link #basePackageClasses} or {@link #basePackages} (or its alias * {@link #value}) may be specified to define specific packages to scan. If specific * packages are not defined, scanning will occur from the package of the * class that declares this annotation. */@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Documented@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)public @interface ComponentScan
@ComponentScan扫描指定的包路径,若未指定包路径,则以声明这个注解的类作为基本包路径。比如@SpringBootApplication就没有指定包路径,则DemoApplication的包路径将作为扫描的基本包路径,因此强烈建议将主类放在顶层目录下。
excludeFilters属性指定哪些类型不符合组件扫描的条件,会在扫描的时候过滤掉。
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class)
比如上面这段代码。@Filter声明了过滤器类型类为自定义类型(需要实现TypeFilter接口),过滤器为AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter。当match方法为true,返回扫描类对象,否则过滤掉。但是要注意@ComponentScan的key为excludeFilters,因此这些类型将在包扫描的时候过滤掉,也就是说,ComponentScan在扫描时,发现当前扫描类满足macth的条件(match返回true),是不会将该类加载到容器的。
//metadataReader 表示读取到的当前正在扫描的类的信息 //metadataReaderFactory 表示可以获得到其他任何类的信息 @Override public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException { return isConfiguration(metadataReader) && isAutoConfiguration(metadataReader); } //该类是带有Configuration注解的配置类 private boolean isConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) { return metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata() .isAnnotated(Configuration.class.getName()); } //该类是否为spring.factory配置的自动配置类 private boolean isAutoConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) { return getAutoConfigurations() .contains(metadataReader.getClassMetadata().getClassName()); }
三.run(DemoApplication.class, args)解析
3.1.进入SpringApplication
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) { return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args); }
我们根据DemoApplication跟进代码,发现其调用的SpringApplication类的run方法。这个方法就干了2件事:一是创建SpringApplication对象,二是启动SpringApplication。
3.2.SpringApplication构造器分析
1.构造器
public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) { this(null, primarySources); }/** * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load * beans from the specified primary sources */public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) { this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader; Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null"); this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources)); //根据应用是否存在某些类推断应用类型,分为响应式web应用,servlet类型web应用和非web应用,在后面用于确定实例化applicationContext的类型 this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath(); //设置初始化器,读取spring.factories文件key ApplicationContextInitializer对应的value并实例化 //ApplicationContextInitializer接口用于在Spring上下文被刷新之前进行初始化的操作 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); //设置监听器,读取spring.factories文件key ApplicationListener对应的value并实例化 // interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener //ApplicationListener继承EventListener,实现了观察者模式。对于Spring框架的观察者模式实现,它限定感兴趣的事件类型需要是ApplicationEvent类型事件 setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); //没啥特别作用,仅用于获取入口类class对象 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); }
在构造器里主要干了2件事,一个设置初始化器,二是设置监听器。
2.设置初始化器
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) { return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {}); }private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) { ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader(); // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>( //从类路径的META-INF处读取相应配置文件spring.factories,然后进行遍历,读取配置文件中Key(type)对应的value SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)); //将names的对象实例化 List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names); AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances); return instances; }
根据入参type类型ApplicationContextInitializer.class从类路径的META-INF处读取相应配置文件spring.factories并实例化对应Initializer。上面这2个函数后面会反复用到。
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\ org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
3.设置监听器
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
和设置初始化器一个套路,通过getSpringFactoriesInstances函数实例化监听器。
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\ org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener
3.3.run(String... args)解析
1.run函数
/** * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new ApplicationContext */public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { //计时器 StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>(); //设置java.awt.headless系统属性为true,Headless模式是系统的一种配置模式。 // 在该模式下,系统缺少了显示设备、键盘或鼠标。但是服务器生成的数据需要提供给显示设备等使用。 // 因此使用headless模式,一般是在程序开始激活headless模式,告诉程序,现在你要工作在Headless mode下,依靠系统的计算能力模拟出这些特性来 configureHeadlessProperty(); //获取监听器集合对象 SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //发出开始执行的事件。 listeners.starting(); try { //根据main函数传入的参数,创建DefaultApplicationArguments对象 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); //根据扫描到的监听器对象和函数传入参数,进行环境准备。 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); //和上面套路一样,读取spring.factories文件key SpringBootExceptionReporter对应的value exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances( SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //和上面的一样,context准备完成之后,将触发SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared执行 refreshContext(context); //其实啥也没干。但是老版本的callRunners好像是在这里执行的。 afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } //发布ApplicationStartedEvent事件,发出结束执行的事件 listeners.started(context); //在某些情况下,我们希望在容器bean加载完成后执行一些操作,会实现ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner接口 //后置操作,就是在容器完成刷新后,依次调用注册的Runners,还可以通过@Order注解设置各runner的执行顺序。 callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } try { listeners.running(context); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } return context; }
2.获取run listeners
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
和构造器设置初始化器一个套路,根据传入type SpringApplicationRunListener去扫描spring.factories文件,读取type对应的value并实例化。然后利用实例化对象创建SpringApplicationRunListeners对象。
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\ org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener
EventPublishingRunListener的作用是发布SpringApplicationEvent事件。
EventPublishingRunListener更像是被监听对象,这个命名让我有点迷。
public class EventPublishingRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener, Ordered { ...... @Override public void starting() { this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent( new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args)); } @Override public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent( this.application, this.args, environment)); } ........ }
3.发出开始执行的事件
listeners.starting();
继续跟进starting函数,
public void starting() { this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent( new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args)); }//获取ApplicationStartingEvent类型的事件后,发布事件 @Override public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) { ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event)); for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) { Executor executor = getTaskExecutor(); if (executor != null) { executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event)); } else { invokeListener(listener, event); } } }//继续跟进invokeListener方法,最后调用ApplicationListener监听者的onApplicationEvent处理事件 private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) { try { listener.onApplicationEvent(event); } catch (ClassCastException ex) { ..... } }
这个后面也会反复遇到,比如listeners.running(context)。
这里是典型的观察者模式。
//观察者:监听<E extends ApplicationEvent>类型事件ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener//事件类型:Event extends SpringApplicationEvent extends ApplicationEvent extends EventObject//被观察者:发布事件EventPublishingRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener
SpringApplication根据当前事件Event类型,比如ApplicationStartingEvent,查找到监听ApplicationStartingEvent的观察者EventPublishingRunListener,调用观察者的onApplicationEvent处理事件。
4.环境准备
//根据main函数传入的参数,创建DefaultApplicationArguments对象ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args);//根据扫描到的listeners对象和函数传入参数,进行环境准备。ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
ApplicationArguments提供运行application的参数,后面会作为一个Bean注入到容器。这里重点说下prepareEnvironment方法做了些什么。
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment( SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) { // Create and configure the environment ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment(); configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs()); //和listeners.starting一样的流程 listeners.environmentPrepared(environment); //上述完成了环境的创建和配置,传入的参数和资源加载到environment //绑定环境到SpringApplication bindToSpringApplication(environment); if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) { environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()) .convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment, deduceEnvironmentClass()); } ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment); return environment; }
这段代码核心有3个。
configureEnvironment,用于基本运行环境的配置。
发布事件ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent。和发布ApplicationStartingEvent事件的流程一样。
绑定环境到SpringApplication
5.创建ApplicationContext
context = createApplicationContext();
传说中的IOC容器终于来了。
在实例化context之前,首先需要确定context的类型,这个是根据应用类型确定的。应用类型webApplicationType在构造器已经推断出来了。
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() { Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass; if (contextClass == null) { try { switch (this.webApplicationType) { case SERVLET: //应用为servlet类型的web应用 contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS); break; case REACTIVE: //应用为响应式web应用 contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS); break; default: //应用为非web类型的应用 contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex); } } return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); }
获取context类型后,进行实例化,这里根据class类型获取无参构造器进行实例化。
public static <T> T instantiateClass(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException { Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null"); if (clazz.isInterface()) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface"); } try { //clazz.getDeclaredConstructor()获取无参的构造器,然后进行实例化 return instantiateClass(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor()); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { ....... }
比如web类型为servlet类型,就会实例化org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.
AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类型的context。
6.context前置处理阶段
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) { //关联环境 context.setEnvironment(environment); //ApplicationContext预处理,主要配置Bean生成器以及资源加载器 postProcessApplicationContext(context); //调用初始化器,执行initialize方法,前面set的初始化器终于用上了 applyInitializers(context); //发布contextPrepared事件,和发布starting事件一样,不多说 listeners.contextPrepared(context); if (this.logStartupInfo) { logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null); logStartupProfileInfo(context); } // Add boot specific singleton beans ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory(); //bean, springApplicationArguments,用于获取启动application所需的参数 beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments); //加载打印Banner的Bean if (printedBanner != null) { beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner); } if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) { ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory) .setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding); } // Load the sources,根据primarySources加载resource。primarySources:一般为主类的class对象 Set<Object> sources = getAllSources(); Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty"); //构造BeanDefinitionLoader并完成定义的Bean的加载 load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0])); //发布ApplicationPreparedEvent事件,表示application已准备完成 listeners.contextLoaded(context); }
7.刷新容器
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { refresh(context); // 注册一个关闭容器时的钩子函数,在jvm关闭时调用 if (this.registerShutdownHook) { try { context.registerShutdownHook(); } catch (AccessControlException ex) { // Not allowed in some environments. } } }
调用父类AbstractApplicationContext刷新容器的操作,具体的还没看。
@Overridepublic void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } ...... }
8.后置操作,调用Runners
后置操作,就是在容器完成刷新后,依次调用注册的Runners,还可以通过@Order注解设置各runner的执行顺序。
Runner可以通过实现ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner接口。
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) { List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>(); runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values()); runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values()); AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners); for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) { if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) { callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args); } if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) { callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args); } } }
根据源码可知,runners收集从容器获取的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner类型的Bean,然后依次执行。
9.发布ApplicationReadyEvent事件
listeners.running(context);
应用启动完成,可以对外提供服务了,在这里发布ApplicationReadyEvent事件。流程还是和starting时一样。
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