为了有效地实现容错,RDD提供了一种高度受限的共享内存,即RDD是只读的,并且只能通过其他RDD上的批量操作来创建(注:还可以由外部存储系数据集创建,如HDFS)
可知,我们在第九,第十篇博文所讲的是传统Hadoop MapReduce类似的,在最初从HDFS中读取数据生成HadoopRDD
的过程。而RDD可以通过其他RDD上的批量操作来创建,所以这里的HadoopRDD
对于下一个生成的ShuffledRDD
可以视为Map
端,当然下一个生成的ShuffledRDD
可以被下下个ShuffledRDD
视为Map
端。反过来说,下一个ShuffledRDD
可以被``HadoopRDD视作
Reduce`端。
这篇博文,我们就来讲下Shuffle
的Reduce
端。其实在RDD
迭代部分和第九篇博文类似,不同的是,这里调用的是rdd.ShuffledRDD.compute
:
override def compute(split: Partition, context: TaskContext): Iterator[(K, C)] = { // 得到依赖 val dep = dependencies.head.asInstanceOf[ShuffleDependency[K, V, C]] // 调用getReader,传入dep.shuffleHandle 分区 上下文 // 得到Reader,调用read() // 得到迭代器 SparkEnv.get.shuffleManager.getReader(dep.shuffleHandle, split.index, split.index + 1, context) .read() .asInstanceOf[Iterator[(K, C)]] }
这里调用的是shuffle.sort.SortShuffleManager
的getReader
:
override def getReader[K, C]( handle: ShuffleHandle, startPartition: Int, endPartition: Int, context: TaskContext): ShuffleReader[K, C] = { // 生成返回 BlockStoreShuffleReader new BlockStoreShuffleReader( handle.asInstanceOf[BaseShuffleHandle[K, _, C]], startPartition, endPartition, context) }
shuffle.BlockStoreShuffleReader.read
:
override def read(): Iterator[Product2[K, C]] = { // 实例化ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator val blockFetcherItr = new ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator( context, blockManager.shuffleClient, blockManager, // 通过消息发送获取 ShuffleMapTask 存储数据位置的元数据 mapOutputTracker.getMapSizesByExecutorId(handle.shuffleId, startPartition, endPartition), // 设置每次传输的大小 SparkEnv.get.conf.getSizeAsMb("spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight", "48m") * 1024 * 1024, // // 设置Int的大小 SparkEnv.get.conf.getInt("spark.reducer.maxReqsInFlight", Int.MaxValue)) // 基于配置的压缩和加密来包装流 val wrappedStreams = blockFetcherItr.map { case (blockId, inputStream) => serializerManager.wrapStream(blockId, inputStream) } val serializerInstance = dep.serializer.newInstance() // 对每个流生成 k/v 迭代器 val recordIter = wrappedStreams.flatMap { wrappedStream => serializerInstance.deserializeStream(wrappedStream).asKeyValueIterator } // 每条记录读取后更新任务度量 val readMetrics = context.taskMetrics.createTempShuffleReadMetrics() // 生成完整的迭代器 val metricIter = CompletionIterator[(Any, Any), Iterator[(Any, Any)]]( recordIter.map { record => readMetrics.incRecordsRead(1) record }, context.taskMetrics().mergeShuffleReadMetrics()) // 传入metricIter到可中断的迭代器 // 为了能取消迭代 val interruptibleIter = new InterruptibleIterator[(Any, Any)](context, metricIter) val aggregatedIter: Iterator[Product2[K, C]] = if (dep.aggregator.isDefined) { // 若需要对数据进行聚合 if (dep.mapSideCombine) { // 若需要进行Map端(对于下一个Shuffle来说)的合并 val combinedKeyValuesIterator = interruptibleIter.asInstanceOf[Iterator[(K, C)]] dep.aggregator.get.combineCombinersByKey(combinedKeyValuesIterator, context) // 若只需要进行Reduce端(对于下一个Shuffle来说)的合并 } else { val keyValuesIterator = interruptibleIter.asInstanceOf[Iterator[(K, Nothing)]] dep.aggregator.get.combineValuesByKey(keyValuesIterator, context) } } else { require(!dep.mapSideCombine, "Map-side combine without Aggregator specified!") interruptibleIter.asInstanceOf[Iterator[Product2[K, C]]] } dep.keyOrdering match { case Some(keyOrd: Ordering[K]) => // 若需要排序 // 若spark.shuffle.spill设置为否的话 // 将不会spill到磁盘 val sorter = new ExternalSorter[K, C, C](context, ordering = Some(keyOrd), serializer = dep.serializer) sorter.insertAll(aggregatedIter) context.taskMetrics().incMemoryBytesSpilled(sorter.memoryBytesSpilled) context.taskMetrics().incDiskBytesSpilled(sorter.diskBytesSpilled) context.taskMetrics().incPeakExecutionMemory(sorter.peakMemoryUsedBytes) CompletionIterator[Product2[K, C], Iterator[Product2[K, C]]](sorter.iterator, sorter.stop()) case None => aggregatedIter } }
类调用关系图:
这里写图片描述
下面我们来深入讲解下实例化ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator
的过程:
// 实例化ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator val blockFetcherItr = new ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator( context, blockManager.shuffleClient, blockManager, // 通过消息发送获取 ShuffleMapTask 存储数据位置的元数据 mapOutputTracker.getMapSizesByExecutorId(handle.shuffleId, startPartition, endPartition), // 设置每次传输的大小 SparkEnv.get.conf.getSizeAsMb("spark.reducer.maxSizeInFlight", "48m") * 1024 * 1024, // // 设置Int的大小 SparkEnv.get.conf.getInt("spark.reducer.maxReqsInFlight", Int.MaxValue))
获取元数据
mapOutputTracker.getMapSizesByExecutorId
首先我们会调用mapOutputTracker.getMapSizesByExecutorId
:
def getMapSizesByExecutorId(shuffleId: Int, startPartition: Int, endPartition: Int) : Seq[(BlockManagerId, Seq[(BlockId, Long)])] = { logDebug(s"Fetching outputs for shuffle $shuffleId, partitions $startPartition-$endPartition") // 得到元数据 val statuses = getStatuses(shuffleId) // 返回格式为: // Seq[BlockManagerId,Seq[(shuffle block id, shuffle block size)]] statuses.synchronized { return MapOutputTracker.convertMapStatuses(shuffleId, startPartition, endPartition, statuses) } }
mapOutputTracker.getStatuses
private def getStatuses(shuffleId: Int): Array[MapStatus] = { // 尝试从本地获取数据 val statuses = mapStatuses.get(shuffleId).orNull if (statuses == null) { // 若本地无数据 logInfo("Don't have map outputs for shuffle " + shuffleId + ", fetching them") val startTime = System.currentTimeMillis var fetchedStatuses: Array[MapStatus] = null fetching.synchronized { // 若以及有其他人也准备远程获取这数据的话 // 则等待 while (fetching.contains(shuffleId)) { try { fetching.wait() } catch { case e: InterruptedException => } } // 尝试直接获取数据 fetchedStatuses = mapStatuses.get(shuffleId).orNull if (fetchedStatuses == null) { // 若还是不得不远程获取, // 则将shuffleId加入fetching fetching += shuffleId } } if (fetchedStatuses == null) { logInfo("Doing the fetch; tracker endpoint = " + trackerEndpoint) try { // 远程获取 val fetchedBytes = askTracker[Array[Byte]](GetMapOutputStatuses(shuffleId)) // 反序列化 fetchedStatuses = MapOutputTracker.deserializeMapStatuses(fetchedBytes) logInfo("Got the output locations") // 将数据加入mapStatuses mapStatuses.put(shuffleId, fetchedStatuses) } finally { fetching.synchronized { fetching -= shuffleId fetching.notifyAll() } } } logDebug(s"Fetching map output statuses for shuffle $shuffleId took " + s"${System.currentTimeMillis - startTime} ms") if (fetchedStatuses != null) { // 若直接获取,则直接返回 return fetchedStatuses } else { logError("Missing all output locations for shuffle " + shuffleId) throw new MetadataFetchFailedException( shuffleId, -1, "Missing all output locations for shuffle " + shuffleId) } } else { // 若直接获取,则直接返回 return statuses } }
mapOutputTracker.askTracker
向trackerEndpoint
发送消息GetMapOutputStatuses(shuffleId)
protected def askTracker[T: ClassTag](message: Any): T = { try { trackerEndpoint.askWithRetry[T](message) } catch { case e: Exception => logError("Error communicating with MapOutputTracker", e) throw new SparkException("Error communicating with MapOutputTracker", e) } }
MapOutputTrackerMasterEndpoint.receiveAndReply
case GetMapOutputStatuses(shuffleId: Int) => val hostPort = context.senderAddress.hostPort logInfo("Asked to send map output locations for shuffle " + shuffleId + " to " + hostPort) val mapOutputStatuses = tracker.post(new GetMapOutputMessage(shuffleId, context))
可以看到,这里并不是直接返回消息,而是调用tracker.post
:
def post(message: GetMapOutputMessage): Unit = { mapOutputRequests.offer(message) }
向mapOutputRequests
加入GetMapOutputMessage(shuffleId, context)
消息。这里的mapOutputRequests
是链式阻塞队列。
private val mapOutputRequests = new LinkedBlockingQueue[GetMapOutputMessage]
MapOutputTrackerMaster.MessageLoop.run
MessageLoop
启一个线程不断的参数从mapOutputRequests
读取数据:
private class MessageLoop extends Runnable { override def run(): Unit = { try { while (true) { try { val data = mapOutputRequests.take() if (data == PoisonPill) { mapOutputRequests.offer(PoisonPill) return } val context = data.context val shuffleId = data.shuffleId val hostPort = context.senderAddress.hostPort logDebug("Handling request to send map output locations for shuffle " + shuffleId + " to " + hostPort) // 若读到数据 // 则序列化 val mapOutputStatuses = getSerializedMapOutputStatuses(shuffleId) // 返回数据 context.reply(mapOutputStatuses) } catch { case NonFatal(e) => logError(e.getMessage, e) } } } catch { case ie: InterruptedException => // exit } } }
MapOutputTracker.convertMapStatuses
我们回到mapOutputTracker.getMapSizesByExecutorId
中返回的MapOutputTracker.convertMapStatuses
:
private def convertMapStatuses( shuffleId: Int, startPartition: Int, endPartition: Int, statuses: Array[MapStatus]): Seq[(BlockManagerId, Seq[(BlockId, Long)])] = { assert (statuses != null) val splitsByAddress = new HashMap[BlockManagerId, ArrayBuffer[(BlockId, Long)]] for ((status, mapId) <- statuses.zipWithIndex) { if (status == null) { val errorMessage = s"Missing an output location for shuffle $shuffleId" logError(errorMessage) throw new MetadataFetchFailedException(shuffleId, startPartition, errorMessage) } else { for (part <- startPartition until endPartition) { // 返回的Seq中的结构是status.location,Seq[ShuffleBlockId,SizeForBlock] splitsByAddress.getOrElseUpdate(status.location, ArrayBuffer()) += ((ShuffleBlockId(shuffleId, mapId, part), status.getSizeForBlock(part))) } } } // 对Seq根据status.location进行排序 splitsByAddress.toSeq }
划分本地和远程Block
让我回到new ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator
storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.initialize
当我们实例化ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator
时,会调用initialize
:
private[this] def initialize(): Unit = { context.addTaskCompletionListener(_ => cleanup()) // 划分本地和远程的blocks val remoteRequests = splitLocalRemoteBlocks() // 把远程请求随机的添加到队列中 fetchRequests ++= Utils.randomize(remoteRequests) assert ((0 == reqsInFlight) == (0 == bytesInFlight), "expected reqsInFlight = 0 but found reqsInFlight = " + reqsInFlight + ", expected bytesInFlight = 0 but found bytesInFlight = " + bytesInFlight) // 发送远程请求获取blocks fetchUpToMaxBytes() val numFetches = remoteRequests.size - fetchRequests.size logInfo("Started " + numFetches + " remote fetches in" + Utils.getUsedTimeMs(startTime)) // 获取本地的Blocks fetchLocalBlocks() logDebug("Got local blocks in " + Utils.getUsedTimeMs(startTime)) }
storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.splitLocalRemoteBlocks
private[this] def splitLocalRemoteBlocks(): ArrayBuffer[FetchRequest] = { // 是的远程请求最大长度为 maxBytesInFlight / 5 // maxBytesInFlight: 为单次航班请求的最大字节数 // 航班: 一批请求 // 1/5 : 是为了提高请求批发度,允许5个请求分别从5个节点获取数据 val targetRequestSize = math.max(maxBytesInFlight / 5, 1L) logDebug("maxBytesInFlight: " + maxBytesInFlight + ", targetRequestSize: " + targetRequestSize) // 缓存需要远程请求的FetchRequest对象 val remoteRequests = new ArrayBuffer[FetchRequest] // 总共 blocks 的数量 var totalBlocks = 0 // 我们从上文可知blocksByAddress是根据status.location进行排序的 for ((address, blockInfos) <- blocksByAddress) { totalBlocks += blockInfos.size if (address.executorId == blockManager.blockManagerId.executorId) { // 若 executorId 相同 与本 blockManagerId.executorId, // 则从本地获取 localBlocks ++= blockInfos.filter(_._2 != 0).map(_._1) numBlocksToFetch += localBlocks.size } else { // 否则 远程请求 // 得到迭代器 val iterator = blockInfos.iterator // 当前累计块的大小 var curRequestSize = 0L // 当前累加块 // 累加: 若向一个节点频繁的请求字节很少的Block, // 那么会造成网络阻塞 var curBlocks = new ArrayBuffer[(BlockId, Long)] // iterator 中的block 都是同一节点的 while (iterator.hasNext) { val (blockId, size) = iterator.next() if (size > 0) { curBlocks += ((blockId, size)) remoteBlocks += blockId numBlocksToFetch += 1 curRequestSize += size } else if (size < 0) { throw new BlockException(blockId, "Negative block size " + size) } if (curRequestSize >= targetRequestSize) { // 若累加到大于远程请求的尺寸 // 往remoteRequests加入FetchRequest remoteRequests += new FetchRequest(address, curBlocks) curBlocks = new ArrayBuffer[(BlockId, Long)] logDebug(s"Creating fetch request of $curRequestSize at $address") curRequestSize = 0 } } // 增加最后的请求 if (curBlocks.nonEmpty) { remoteRequests += new FetchRequest(address, curBlocks) } } } logInfo(s"Getting $numBlocksToFetch non-empty blocks out of $totalBlocks blocks") remoteRequests }
获取Block
storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.fetchUpToMaxBytes
我们回到storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.initialize
的fetchUpToMaxBytes()
来深入讲解下如何获取远程的Block
:
private def fetchUpToMaxBytes(): Unit = { // Send fetch requests up to maxBytesInFlight // 单次航班请求数要小于最大航班请求数 // 单次航班字节数数要小于最大航班字节数 while (fetchRequests.nonEmpty && (bytesInFlight == 0 || (reqsInFlight + 1 <= maxReqsInFlight && bytesInFlight + fetchRequests.front.size <= maxBytesInFlight))) { sendRequest(fetchRequests.dequeue()) } }
storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.sendRequest
private[this] def sendRequest(req: FetchRequest) { logDebug("Sending request for %d blocks (%s) from %s".format( req.blocks.size, Utils.bytesToString(req.size), req.address.hostPort)) bytesInFlight += req.size reqsInFlight += 1 // 可根据blockID查询block大小 val sizeMap = req.blocks.map { case (blockId, size) => (blockId.toString, size) }.toMap val remainingBlocks = new HashSet[String]() ++= sizeMap.keys val blockIds = req.blocks.map(_._1.toString) val address = req.address // 关于shuffleClient.fetchBlocks我们会在之后的博文讲解 shuffleClient.fetchBlocks(address.host, address.port, address.executorId, blockIds.toArray, new BlockFetchingListener { // 请求成功 override def onBlockFetchSuccess(blockId: String, buf: ManagedBuffer): Unit = { ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.this.synchronized { if (!isZombie) { buf.retain() remainingBlocks -= blockId results.put(new SuccessFetchResult(BlockId(blockId), address, sizeMap(blockId), buf, remainingBlocks.isEmpty)) logDebug("remainingBlocks: " + remainingBlocks) } } logTrace("Got remote block " + blockId + " after " + Utils.getUsedTimeMs(startTime)) } // 请求失败 override def onBlockFetchFailure(blockId: String, e: Throwable): Unit = { logError(s"Failed to get block(s) from ${req.address.host}:${req.address.port}", e) results.put(new FailureFetchResult(BlockId(blockId), address, e)) } } ) }
storage.ShuffleBlockFetcherIterator.fetchLocalBlocks
我们再回过头来看获取本地blocks:
private[this] def fetchLocalBlocks() { // 获取迭代器 val iter = localBlocks.iterator while (iter.hasNext) { val blockId = iter.next() try { // 遍历获取数据 // blockManager.getBlockData 会在后续博文讲解 val buf = blockManager.getBlockData(blockId) shuffleMetrics.incLocalBlocksFetched(1) shuffleMetrics.incLocalBytesRead(buf.size) buf.retain() results.put(new SuccessFetchResult(blockId, blockManager.blockManagerId, 0, buf, false)) } catch { case e: Exception => logError(s"Error occurred while fetching local blocks", e) results.put(new FailureFetchResult(blockId, blockManager.blockManagerId, e)) return } } }
作者:小爷Souljoy
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/2131207184be
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