protobuf是一种高效的数据传输格式(Google's data interchange format),且与语言无关,protobuf和json是基于http服务中最常见的两种数据格式。今天来学习基于golang的protobuf相关内容。
google protocol buffer: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
golang 官方提供的protobuf支持插件:https://github.com/golang/protobuf
要想使用protobuf,需要4步:
下载安装google protocol buffer 编译器:https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.5.1
下载安装golang protobuf plugin:https://github.com/golang/protobuf
使用go tools安装:go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go按照protobuf 语法规则编写.proto文件
将proto文件编译成golang代码模型
protoc -I=$SRC_DIR --go_out=$DST_DIR $SRC_DIR/addressbook.proto
-IPATH, --proto_path=PATH 指定import路径
--go_out 指定生成go代码路径(同理--java_out是指定java生成路径)
下面以一个实际例子来说明:
addressbook.proto
syntax = "proto3";package test.protobuf.tutorial;message Person{ string name = 1;//姓名 int32 id = 2;//id编号 string email = 3;//邮箱 enum PhoneType { //枚举类型(电话类型) MOBILE = 0; HOME = 1; WORK = 2; } message PhoneNumber{ string number = 1; PhoneType type = 2; } repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4; //repeated可理解为动态数组}// Our address book file is just one of these.message AddressBook { repeated Person people = 1;}
编译生成go文件。protoc会调用protoc-go-gen来生成go文件
.
├── addressbook.proto
└── src
└── addressbook.pb.go
protoc --go_out=./src addressbook.proto
addressbook.pb.go
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.// source: addressbook.proto/*Package test_protobuf_tutorial is a generated protocol buffer package.It is generated from these files: addressbook.protoIt has these top-level messages: Person AddressBook*/package test_protobuf_tutorialimport proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"import fmt "fmt"import math "math"// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.var _ = proto.Marshalvar _ = fmt.Errorfvar _ = math.Inf// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the// proto package needs to be updated.const _ = proto.ProtoPackageIsVersion2 // please upgrade the proto packagetype Person_PhoneType int32const ( Person_MOBILE Person_PhoneType = 0 Person_HOME Person_PhoneType = 1 Person_WORK Person_PhoneType = 2)var Person_PhoneType_name = map[int32]string{ 0: "MOBILE", 1: "HOME", 2: "WORK",}var Person_PhoneType_value = map[string]int32{ "MOBILE": 0, "HOME": 1, "WORK": 2,}func (x Person_PhoneType) String() string { return proto.EnumName(Person_PhoneType_name, int32(x))}func (Person_PhoneType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0, 0} }type Person struct { Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name" json:"name,omitempty"` Id int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id" json:"id,omitempty"` Email string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=email" json:"email,omitempty"` Phones []*Person_PhoneNumber `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=phones" json:"phones,omitempty"`}func (m *Person) Reset() { *m = Person{} }func (m *Person) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }func (*Person) ProtoMessage() {}func (*Person) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0} }func (m *Person) GetName() string { if m != nil { return m.Name } return ""}func (m *Person) GetId() int32 { if m != nil { return m.Id } return 0}func (m *Person) GetEmail() string { if m != nil { return m.Email } return ""}func (m *Person) GetPhones() []*Person_PhoneNumber { if m != nil { return m.Phones } return nil}type Person_PhoneNumber struct { Number string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=number" json:"number,omitempty"` Type Person_PhoneType `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=type,enum=test.protobuf.tutorial.Person_PhoneType" json:"type,omitempty"`}func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) Reset() { *m = Person_PhoneNumber{} }func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }func (*Person_PhoneNumber) ProtoMessage() {}func (*Person_PhoneNumber) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0, 0} }func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) GetNumber() string { if m != nil { return m.Number } return ""}func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) GetType() Person_PhoneType { if m != nil { return m.Type } return Person_MOBILE}// Our address book file is just one of these.type AddressBook struct { People []*Person `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=people" json:"people,omitempty"`}func (m *AddressBook) Reset() { *m = AddressBook{} }func (m *AddressBook) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }func (*AddressBook) ProtoMessage() {}func (*AddressBook) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{1} }func (m *AddressBook) GetPeople() []*Person { if m != nil { return m.People } return nil}func init() { proto.RegisterType((*Person)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.Person") proto.RegisterType((*Person_PhoneNumber)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber") proto.RegisterType((*AddressBook)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.AddressBook") proto.RegisterEnum("test.protobuf.tutorial.Person_PhoneType", Person_PhoneType_name, Person_PhoneType_value)}func init() { proto.RegisterFile("addressbook.proto", fileDescriptor0) }var fileDescriptor0 = []byte{ // 265 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto 0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x8c, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x4b, 0xbc, 0x50, 0x10, 0xc7, 0x7f, 0xba, 0xee, 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ok,生成模型代码后,我们就可以使用protobuf协议来对数据进行编解码了
//将数据编码成protobuf 二进制格式--Writing a Message func EncodeAddressBook (book *pb.AddressBook)(out []byte, err error) { // Write the new address book back to disk. out, err = proto.Marshal(book) if err != nil { log.Println("Failed to encode address book:", err) return nil,err } if err := ioutil.WriteFile("addressbook_proto.data", out, 0644); err != nil { log.Fatalln("Failed to write address book:", err) return nil,err } fmt.Println("[Debug]: ", out) return}
//将二进制数据解码为golang 数据结构 --Reading a Message func DecodeAddressBook(in []byte) (book *pb.AddressBook, err error){ // Read the existing address book. book = &pb.AddressBook{} if err := proto.Unmarshal(in, book); err != nil { log.Println("Failed to parse address book:", err) return nil,err } return}
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