通过jQuery注册事件
jQuery注册事件也很简单,通过选择器包装好标签对象后,调用相关的事件方法即可,调用事件方法时需要传递一个函数对象,当事件被触发就会执行函数里的代码。在jQuery里的事件名称并没有与html中的事件名称有多大区别,还是那个熟悉的味道熟悉的套路,示例:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <body> <button type="button" name="click" >单击事件</button> <button type="button" name="dbclick" >双击事件</button> </body> <script> $("button[name='click']").click(function(e){ alert('单击事件!'); }); $("button[name='dbclick']").dblclick(function(e){ alert('双击事件!'); }); </script></html>
函数中的参数就是事件源对象:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <body> <button type="button" name="click" >单击事件</button> <button type="button" name="dbclick" >双击事件</button> </body> <script> $("button[name='click']").click(function(e){ alert(e.toString()); }); $("button[name='dbclick']").dblclick(function(e){ alert(e.toString()); }); </script></html>
在函数中可以使用this来表示当前触发事件的对象,也可以通过选择器去获取当前对象:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <body> <button type="button" name="click" >单击事件</button> <button type="button" name="dbclick" >双击事件</button> </body> <script> $("button[name='click']").click(function(e){ $("button[name='click']").html("Change"); }); $("button[name='dbclick']").dblclick(function(e){ $(this).html("Change"); }); </script></html>
给标签添加/删除样式
在jQuery中有一个addClass方法,可以给标签添加类样式,相对的removeClass方法则是删除标签中的类样式:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <style> .text_p{ color: royalblue; font-size: 22px; } </style> <body> <p>Hello World!</p> <p>Hello World!</p> <p>Hello World!</p> </body> <script> $("p").mousemove(function(){ $(this).addClass("text_p"); }); $("p").mouseout(function(){ $(this).removeClass("text_p"); }); </script></html>
除了以上的方法外,还有一个css方法可以添加样式,以键值的方式添加:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <body> <p>Hello World!</p> <p>Hello World!</p> <p>Hello World!</p> </body> <script> $("p").mousemove(function(){ $(this).css("color","royalblue"); $(this).css("font-size","22px"); }); $("p").mouseout(function(){ $(this).css("color","black"); $(this).css("font-size","16px"); }); </script></html>
如果css方法中传递的是键,那么就可以得到该键的值:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <style> .text_p{ color: royalblue; font-size: 22px; } </style> <body> <p class="text_p">Hello World!</p> <p class="text_p">Hello World!</p> <p class="text_p">Hello World!</p> </body> <script> $("p").click(function(){ alert($(this).css("color")); alert($(this).css("font-size")); }); </script></html>
运行结果:
控制标签
通过jQuery可以很方便的控制标签,例如可以对某个标签增加子标签,或者删除某个标签等等,append方法就可以给某个标签添加一个子标签:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js" ></script> <body> <button type="button">添加标签</button> <div></div> <select></select> </body> <script> $("button").click(function(){ $("div").append("<p>Hello Wolrd!</p>"); $("select").append("<option>hello</option>"); }); </script></html>
remove方法可以删除某个标签:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <body> <button type="button">删除标签</button> <div> <p>hello world!</p> <p>hello world!</p> <p>hello world!</p> <p>hello world!</p> <p>hello world!</p> </div> </body> <script> $("button").click(function() { $("p").remove(); }); </script></html>
html方法类似于innerHTML方法,可以给开始和结束标签之间填充HTML或文本:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <body> <button type="button">添加HTML</button> <div></div> </body> <script> $("button").click(function() { $("div").html("<p>Hello Wolrd!</p>"); }); </script></html>
text方法可以给开始和结束标签之间填充纯文本内容,即便传的是HTML代码也会被转换成文本:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <body> <button type="button">添加文本</button> <p></p> </body> <script> $("button").click(function() { $("p").text("<p>Hello Wolrd!</p>"); }); </script></html>
val方法可以返回或设置被选元素的值,元素的值是通过 value 属性设置的。该方法大多用于 input 元素。如果该方法未设置参数,则返回被选元素的当前值:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <body> <button type="button">得到/设置value</button> <input type="text" value="test" /> </body> <script> $("button").click(function() { alert($("input").val()); $("input").val("Hello World!"); }); </script></html>
控制标签属性
attr方法可以控制标签的所有属性,通过这个方法可以给某个标签动态设置属性,也可以通过这个方法来获得某个属性的值,而removeAttr方法则可以删除指定的属性:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <style> .test_div{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } </style> <body> <div> <button type="button" id="add">设置属性</button> <button type="button" id="del">删除属性</button> <img /> </div> </body> <script> $("button").click(function() { $("img").attr("src","img/TIM截图20180105215155.png"); $("img").addClass("test_div"); }); $("#del").click(function(){ $("img").removeAttr("src"); }); </script></html>
jQuery的显示/隐藏效果
show方法可以显示某个组件,hide方法则可以隐藏某个组件:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <style> .test{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } </style> <body> <div> <button type="button" name="show">显示</button> <button type="button" name="hide">隐藏</button> <img class="test" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="img/TIM截图20180105215155.png" /> </div> </body> <script> $("button[name='show']").click(function() { $("img").show(); }); $("button[name='hide']").click(function(){ $("img").hide(); }); </script></html>
show以及hide方法中都有可选的参数,第一个参数可以设置元素从隐藏到完全可见的速度,可以直接传递毫秒数,也可以传递字符串:slow、normal、fast等。在设置速度的情况下,元素从隐藏到完全可见的过程中,会逐渐地改变其高度、宽度、外边距、内边距和透明度。第二个参数就是回调函数,show 函数执行完之后,要执行的函数,示例:
<script> function show_img(){ alert("显示完成!"); } function hide_img(){ alert("隐藏完成!"); } $("button[name='show']").click(function() { $("img").show(5000,show_img); }); $("button[name='hide']").click(function(){ $("img").hide(5000,hide_img); });</script>
toggle方法可以切换元素的可见状态,如果被选元素可见,则隐藏这些元素,如果被选元素隐藏,则显示这些元素,同样的可以设置过程时间和回调函数:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <style> .test{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } </style> <body> <div> <button type="button" name="toggle">显示/隐藏</button> <img class="test" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="img/TIM截图20180105215155.png" /> </div> </body> <script> function done(){ alert("完成!"); } $("button[name='toggle']").click(function() { $("img").toggle(3000,done) }); </script></html>
想要有淡入淡出的效果可以使用以下四种fade方法:
fadeIn() 方法用于淡入已隐藏的元素
fadeOut() 方法用于淡出可见元素
fadeToggle() 方法可以在 fadeIn() 与 fadeOut() 方法之间进行切换
fadeTo() 方法允许渐变为给定的不透明度(值介于 0 与 1 之间)
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <style> .test{ display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } </style> <body> <div> <button type="button" name="fadeIn">显示</button> <button type="button" name="fadeOut">隐藏</button> <button type="button" name="fadeToggle">显示/隐藏</button> <button type="button" name="fadeTo">淡出</button> <img class="test" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="img/TIM截图20180105215155.png" /> </div> </body> <script> function fadeIn_img(){ alert("显示完成!"); } function fadeOut_img(){ alert("隐藏完成!"); } function done_img(){ alert("完成!"); } $("button[name='fadeIn']").click(function() { $("img").fadeIn(3000,fadeIn_img); }); $("button[name='fadeOut']").click(function(){ $("img").fadeOut(3000,fadeOut_img); }); $("button[name='fadeToggle']").click(function(){ $("img").fadeToggle(3000,done_img); }); $("button[name='fadeTo']").click(function(){ $("img").fadeTo("slow",0.5); }); </script></html>
通过jQuery实现元素滑动效果可以使用以下三个方法:
slideDown() 方法用于向下滑动元素。
slideUp() 方法用于向上滑动元素。
slideToggle() 方法可以在 slideDown() 与 slideUp() 方法之间进行切换。
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <style> .test { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } </style> <body> <button type="button" name="slideDown">向下滑动</button> <button type="button" name="slideUp">向上滑动</button> <button type="button" name="slideToggle">向下滑动/向上滑动</button> <div> <img class="test" class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="img/TIM截图20180105215155.png" /> </div> </body> <script> function slideDown_img() { alert("向下滑动完成!"); } function slideUp_img() { alert("向上滑动完成!"); } function done_img() { alert("完成!"); } $("button[name='slideDown']").click(function() { $("div").slideDown(3000,slideDown_img); }); $("button[name='slideUp']").click(function() { $("div").slideUp(3000,slideUp_img); }); $("button[name='slideToggle']").click(function() { $("div").slideToggle(3000,done_img); }); </script></html>
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