本篇将使用Spring Boot发布REST Service,使用Spring REST Template来调用服务
本篇代码均已上传到GITHUB,https://github.com/IloveZiHan/restfultemplate.git
介绍
我们之前都使用过HttpClient来发送HTTP请求,但我们很多时间都需要将HttpClient请求或者响应的数据转换为Java对象,HttpClient需要我们自己手动来解析。我们今天要介绍的Spring REST Template比HttpClient用起来更加方便简洁。
背景
案例分为两个部分:
CRM_MANAGEMENT——后台主要提供RESTFUL Service服务,因为尽量使案例简单,所以数据部分是直接使用内存中的列表来模拟
PORTAL——门户,也就是前端系统,用来处理浏览器提交的请求,接收到用户请求会使用Spring REST Template来提交RESTFUL Service请求
环境说明
本案例基于Maven构建,使用Spring Boot 2.x开发
可以选择IDEA或者Eclipse导入案例运行
项目开发
CRM_DOMAIN实体
POM依赖
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">;
<parent>
<artifactId>resttemplate_common</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>crm_domain</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging>
</project>
User实体类
package com.itheima.crm.domain;
public class User {
private Integer id; // idprivate String username; // 用户名private String password; // 密码public Integer getId() { return id;}public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id;}public String getPassword() { return password;}public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password;}public String getUsername() { return username;}public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username;}public boolean matchUsernameAndPassword(String username, String password) { if(this.username.equals(username) && this.password.equals(password)) { return true; } else { return false; }}
}
ResResult——封装响应结果
package com.itheima.crm.domain;/** * 响应结果 */public class ResResult { private Boolean success; // 是否操作成功 private String message; // 消息 public ResResult() { } public ResResult(Boolean success, String message) { this.success = success; this.message = message; } public Boolean getSuccess() { return success; } public void setSuccess(Boolean success) { this.success = success; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; }}
CRM_MANAGEMENT后台
POM依赖
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">;<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>crm_management</artifactId><parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>crm_domain</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency></dependencies><build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins></build>
</project>
RESTFUL Service接口开发
package com.itheima.crm.webservice;import com.itheima.crm.domain.ResResult;import com.itheima.crm.domain.User ;import com.itheima.crm.service.UserService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.List;@RestController@RequestMapping("/user")public class UserRestService { @Autowired private UserService userService; /** * 注册服务 * @param user 用户 * @return */ @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) public ResResult regist(@RequestBody User user) { try { userService.regist(user); return new ResResult(true, "添加成功"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return new ResResult(false, "添加失败"); } } /** * 登录服务 * @param username 用户名 * @param password 密码 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/{username}/{password}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User login(@PathVariable("username") String username, @PathVariable("password") String password) { try { return userService.login(username, password); } catch (Exception e) { return null; } } @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public List<User> findAll() { return userService.findAll(); }}
Service层开发
UserService接口
package com.itheima.crm.service;
import com.itheima.crm.domain.User ;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
void regist(User user);User login(String username, String password);List<User> findAll();
}
UserServiceImpl实现类
package com.itheima.crm.service;
import com.itheima.crm.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.crm.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{@Autowiredprivate UserDao userDao;@Overridepublic void regist(User user) { userDao.save(user);}@Overridepublic User login(String username, String password) { return userDao.findOne(username, password);}@Overridepublic List<User> findAll() { return userDao.findAll();}
}
DAO层开发
UserDao接口
package com.itheima.crm.dao;
import com.itheima.crm.domain.User ;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
/**保存用户
@param user 用户
*/
void save(User user);User findOne(String username, String password);
List<User> findAll();
}
UserDaoImpl实现类
package com.itheima.crm.dao;
import com.itheima.crm.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{private List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();@Overridepublic void save(User user) { users.add(user);}@Overridepublic User findOne(String username, String password) { User userTmp = new User(); userTmp.setUsername(username); userTmp.setPassword(password); for(User user : users) { if(user.matchUsernameAndPassword(username, password)) { return user; } } return null;}@Overridepublic List<User> findAll() { return users;}public UserDaoImpl() { // 添加一些测试的用户 User user1 = new User(); user1.setId(1); user1.setUsername("zhangsan"); user1.setPassword("0"); User user2 = new User(); user2.setId(2); user2.setUsername("lisi"); user2.setPassword("0"); User user3 = new User(); user3.setId(3); user3.setUsername("wangwu"); user3.setPassword("0"); User user4 = new User(); user4.setId(4); user4.setUsername("zhaoliu"); user4.setPassword("0"); users.add(user1); users.add(user2); users.add(user3); users.add(user4);}
}
Spring Boot入口
配置文件(application.properties)
server.port=9001
server.servlet.context-path=/入口
package com.itheima.crm;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}
}
RESTFUL Service接口调用URL
添加用户
Requsest URL: http://localhost:9001/user/ Request Method: POST根据用户名密码查询用户
Requsest URL: http://localhost:9001/user/用户名/密码 Request Method: GET查询所有用户
Requeset URL: http://localhost:9001/user/ Request Method: GET
PORTAL门户
POM依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>portal</artifactId> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.28</version> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>crm_domain</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
Controller开发
package com.itheima.portal.controller;import com.itheima.crm.domain.ResResult;import com.itheima.crm.domain.User;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;@RestController@RequestMapping("/user")public class UserController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; private String USERSERVICE_URL = "http://localhost:9001/user"; @RequestMapping("/login") public Map login(String username, String password) { // 构建要传递的参数 Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>(); params.put("username", username); params.put("password", password); // 发送GET请求 User user = restTemplate.getForObject(USERSERVICE_URL + "/{username}/{password}", User.class, params); Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(); if(user != null) { result.put("success", true); } else { result.put("success", false); result.put("message", "登录失败"); } return result; } @RequestMapping("/regist") public ResResult login(@RequestBody User user) throws IOException { // 使用REST Template发送POST请求 return restTemplate.postForObject(USERSERVICE_URL + "/", user, ResResult.class); }}
Spring Boot入口
配置文件(application.properties)
server.port=9002
server.servlet.context-path=/入口
package com.itheima.portal;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}/** * 创建RestTemplate Bean */@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate();}
}
前端页面
导入jquery.js
login.html登录页面
<!doctype html>
<html lang="`">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>登录</title>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="jquery-1.11.3.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" id="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="text" id="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>
<button id="btn">登录</button>
<button id="btn1">注册</button>
</td>
</tr>
</table><script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#btn').click(function() { $.get('user/login?username=' + $('#username').val() + '&password=' + $('#password').val(), function(data) { if(!data.success) { alert(data.message); } else { window.location.href = "success.html"; } }); }); $('#btn1').click(function() { var user = { username: $('#username').val(), password: $('#password').val() }; $.ajax({ type:'POST', url:'user/regist', dataType:"json", contentType:"application/json", data:JSON.stringify(user), success:function(data){ if(!data.success) { alert(data.message); } else { alert("注册成功!"); } } }); }); });</script>
</body>
</html>success.html登录成功页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
总结
Spring REST Template比HttpClient更加快捷方便的调用RS服务,它自动封装和解析Java对象。而且可以很方便的与Spring整合,快速注入Spring的bean对象。
注意
注意Jquery $.get、$.post、$.ajax的区别
$.get(url, json对象)表示发送一个get请求,使用queryString的方式提交。url?username=tom...
$.post(url, json对象)表示发送一个post请求,数据部分类似于提交表单。
$.ajax可以选择数据传递的格式、类型等。我们要将一个json串发送到spring mvc @RequestBody来接收需要使用$.ajax。下面是示例代码
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url:'user/regist',
dataType:"json",
contentType:"application/json",
data:JSON.stringify(user),
success:function(data){
if(!data.success) {
alert(data.message);
}
else {
alert("注册成功!");
}
}
});
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