删除操作,我们一般想到有2种,del
和expire
。
DEL
Time complexity: O(N) where N is the number of keys that will be removed. When a key to remove holds a value other than a string, the individual complexity for this key is O(M) where M is the number of elements in the list, set, sorted set or hash. Removing a single key that holds a string value is O(1).
如果要删除的key是一个集合,包含了很多元素,那么DEL
时的耗时和元素个数成正比,所以如果直接DEL
,会很慢。
EXPIRE
Note that calling EXPIRE/PEXPIRE with a non-positive timeout or EXPIREAT/PEXPIREAT with a time in the past will result in the key being deleted rather than expired (accordingly, the emitted key event will be del, not expired).
想着expire会不会可以不是直接删除,可惜官网的描述让我心灰意冷,如果expire后指定的timeout不是正数,也就是<=0,那其实就是DEL
。
一点一点删
我们知道Redis的工作线程是单线程的,如果一个command堵塞了,那所有请求都会超时,这时候,一些骚操作也许可以帮助你。
其实如果想删除key,可以分解成2个目的,1:不想让其他人访问到这个key,2:释放空间。
那其实我们可以分解成两步,先用RENAME
把原先的key rename成另一个key,比如:
RENAME userInfo:123 "deleteKey:userInfo:123"
然后可以慢慢去删"deleteKey:userInfo:123",如果是set,那么可以用SREM
慢慢删,最后再用DEL
彻底删掉。
这里可以搞个task去
SCAN deleteKey:*
,然后慢慢删除。
UNLINK
Redis 4.0.0提供了一个更加方便的命令
Available since 4.0.0.
Time complexity: O(1) for each key removed regardless of its size. Then the command does O(N) work in a different thread in order to reclaim memory, where N is the number of allocations the deleted objects where composed of.
UNLINK
其实是直接返回,然后在后台线程慢慢删除。
如果你的Redis版本>=4.0.0,那么强烈建议使用UNLINK
来删除。
删除耗时测试结果
单位:微秒
Set个数 | DEL | EXPIRE | UNLINK |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 90 | 97 | 75 |
10 | 79 | 67 | 100 |
100 | 51 | 49 | 47 |
1000 | 303 | 296 | 49 |
10000 | 2773 | 2592 | 52 |
100000 | 31210 | 33157 | 51 |
1000000 | 549388 | 501536 | 62 |
package mainimport ( "github.com/go-redis/redis" "fmt" "time")func main() { client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{ Addr: "localhost:6379", Password: "", DB: 0, ReadTimeout: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24, WriteTimeout: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24, }) maxLength := int64(10000 * 100) for n := int64(1); n <= maxLength; n *= 10 { fmt.Println("Set个数", n) TestDelBigSet(client, n) TestExpireBigSet(client, n) TestUnlinkBigSet(client, n) fmt.Println() } }func TestDelBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) { redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "del:", time.Now().Nanosecond()) for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ { err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err() if err != nil { panic(err) } } startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() client.Del(redisKey) endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() fmt.Println("Del", endTime-startTime) }func TestUnlinkBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) { redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "unlink:", time.Now().Nanosecond()) for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ { err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err() if err != nil { panic(err) } } startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() client.Unlink(redisKey) endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() fmt.Println("Unlink", endTime-startTime) }func TestExpireBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) { redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "expire:", time.Now().Nanosecond()) for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ { err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err() if err != nil { panic(err) } } startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() client.Expire(redisKey, 0) endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() fmt.Println("Expire", endTime-startTime) }func CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() int64 { return time.Now().UnixNano() / 1000}
作者:我是杨正
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/9fac5cd892b3
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