前面介绍了数据库【分库】相关技术的实现,包括:自定义注解完成数据库切库 和 多个数据源的轻松支持,再来看 面试中并发类问题的准备和学习 这边手记,高并发处理思路与手段里数据库部分还差一个【分表】,这篇手记主要就来说一下通过mybatis的插件【shardbatis2.0】来完成分表的实现。
Java并发编程与高并发解决方案这门课程的学员需要特别注意,课程里高并发部分提到的【数据库分表】,可以参考着这篇手记来学习~
准备首先代码里已经完整的支持了mybatis的使用,至于如何在项目中使用mybatis及mybatis的基本配置,这篇手记不做过多介绍,这里给出一套可能使用的依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.11.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.2.3</version>
</dependency>
这里关键是要额外引入 插件shardbatis 相关的依赖,主要有两个:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.shardbatis</groupId>
<artifactId>shardbatis</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0B</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.jsqlparser</groupId>
<artifactId>jsqlparser</artifactId>
<version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
依赖都ok,准备我们需要的表:
1、先有一个mybatis的mapper interface,比如:(对应的类及字段请自己搞定)
public interface UserMapper {
int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer id);
int insert(User record);
int insertSelective(User record);
User selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id);
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(User record);
int updateByPrimaryKey(User record);
}
对应的sql这里就省略了,shardbatis这个插件使用时也不需要去调整实际的sql,插件达到的效果就是替换掉实际sql中的表名。
2、新增一个shard_config.xml文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE shardingConfig PUBLIC "-//shardbatis.googlecode.com//DTD Shardbatis 2.0//EN"
"http://shardbatis.googlecode.com/dtd/shardbatis-config.dtd">
<shardingConfig>
<!--
parseList可选配置
如果配置了parseList,只有在parseList范围内并且不再ignoreList内的sql才会被解析和修改
-->
<ignoreList>
<value>xxx.xxx</value>
</ignoreList>
<parseList>
<value>xxx.dao.UserMapper.insertSelective</value>
<value>xxx.dao.UserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey</value>
<value>xxx.UserMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective</value>
</parseList>
<!--
配置分表策略
tableName指的是实际的表名,strategyClass对应的分表策略实现类
-->
<strategy tableName="user" strategyClass="xxx.UserShardStrategyImpl"/>
</shardingConfig>
并在项目的mybatis-config.xml里声明使用这个插件,比如
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<plugins>
<plugin interceptor="com.google.code.shardbatis.plugin.ShardPlugin">
<property name="shardingConfig" value="shard-config.xml"/>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</configuration>
3、实现分表策略,就是完成上面strategyClass对应的分表策略实现类,其实只需要实现ShardStrategy接口并实现其中的getTargetTableName方法即可,比如:
public class UserShardStrategyImpl implements ShardStrategy {
private final static int tableCount = 5;
/**
* 得到实际表名
* @param baseTableName 逻辑表名,一般是没有前缀或者是后缀的表名
* @param params mybatis执行某个statement时使用的参数
* @param mapperId mybatis配置的statement id
* @return
*/
@Override
public String getTargetTableName(String baseTableName, Object params, String mapperId) {
// TODO: 需要根据实际的参数或其他(比如当前时间)计算出一个满足要求的值
int value = 2;
try {
int index = value % tableCount + 1;
String strIndex = "0" + index;
return baseTableName + "_" + strIndex;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
实际中实现需要根据实际的参数或其他(比如当前时间)计算出一个满足要求的值,最后拼接成实际的表名就可以了。当然了,这个【满足要求的值】有时要计算起来会特别麻烦。这里呢,说一说我自己在实际项目中计算value的一个设计和实现。
实际业务讲解我当前负责美股行情中心,当前在线股票8500+,每天开市期间每只股票最多会产生391条分时数据(就是大家看股票时的蜡烛图,开市时长为391分钟,每分钟至多1条数据),那样一天下来分时数据在 400 * 8500 = 340w 这个量级,实际存储的数据在130w~140w之间,这些数据都需要插入到数据库中。我们知道对于一般的数据库而言,单表达到百万甚至千万级别时,任何操作即使是select count(1) 也会变得很慢,这时分表是必须的。具体说一下我们分表的策略:每次对表执行插入时,找到对应的股票(对应本地的symbols表) 的 id,使用股票id%512作为表后缀。举个例子,股票的分时数据存储的表为timetrend_000 ~ timetrend_511, 股票A在symbols表里的id为513,那么A对应的分时数据存储表为:513%512=1 -> timetrend_001, 股票B在symbols表里的id为1128,那么B对应的分时数据存储表为:1128%512=104 -> timetrend_104。相信这个不难理解,接下来的问题就是如何从 public String getTargetTableName(String baseTableName, Object params, String mapperId) 这个方法里取出我们说的symbol A和B了,根据代码上的解释,我们可以知道A和B要从 Object params 里解析出来。
注意,接下来是重点!!!
为了尽可能通用,我们自定义一个注解,@SymbolShard
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
public @interface SymbolShard {
String value() default "";
}
分表策略使用的参数要求必须使用这个,比如:
int insertSelective(@SymbolShard String instrumentId, @Param("timeTrend")TimeTrend record);
接下来增加一个根据Object params解析标识有@SymbolShard注解的参数的实际值,直接给出代码:
public class SymbolShardValue {
private SymbolShardValue() {}
public static Object[] getShardValue(Object params, String mapperId) throws Exception {
if(params != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(mapperId)) {
int lastPoint = mapperId.lastIndexOf(".");
String clazzName = mapperId.substring(0,lastPoint);
String methodName = mapperId.substring(lastPoint + 1);
Class clazz = Class.forName(clazzName);
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
if (methods.length <= 0){
throw new Exception("class has no method!");
}
List<Integer> shardFieldIndexes = new ArrayList<>();
List<Class> shardFieldTypes = new ArrayList<>();
List<SymbolShard> fieldAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
for (Method method : methods) {
if (methodName.equals(method.getName())) {
Annotation[][] annotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
if(annotations == null || annotations.length <= 0){
throw new Exception("method has no shard field");
}
for (int i = 0; i < annotations.length; i++){
Annotation[] fieldAnno = annotations[i];
if (fieldAnno != null && fieldAnno.length > 0) {
for (Annotation annotation:fieldAnno) {
if (annotation.annotationType() == SymbolShard.class){
shardFieldIndexes.add(i);
shardFieldTypes.add(method.getParameterTypes()[i]);
fieldAnnotations.add((SymbolShard)annotation);
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (shardFieldIndexes.size() <= 0){
throw new Exception("method has no shard field");
}
Object[] values = new Object[shardFieldIndexes.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < shardFieldIndexes.size(); i++){
int shardFieldIndex = shardFieldIndexes.get(i);
Class shardFieldType = shardFieldTypes.get(i);
SymbolShard fieldAnnotation = fieldAnnotations.get(i);
if (params.getClass() == shardFieldType) {
values[i] = getFieldValue(fieldAnnotation,params);
} else {
String key = "param" + (shardFieldIndex+1);
HashMap<String,Object> map = (HashMap<String,Object>) params;
Object tmp = map.get(key);
values[i] = getFieldValue(fieldAnnotation, tmp);
}
}
return values;
}
return null;
}
private static Object getFieldValue(JmxShard fieldAnnotation,Object params) throws Exception {
if(isBasicType(params)) {
return params;
} else {
String shardFieldName = fieldAnnotation.value();
if(StringUtils.isBlank(shardFieldName)) {
throw new Exception("the shardFieldName was not annotated");
}
Field field = null;
try {
field = params.getClass().getDeclaredField(shardFieldName);
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e){
field = params.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField(shardFieldName);
}
field.setAccessible(true);
return field.get(params);
}
}
private static boolean isBasicType(Object param){
if (param == null){
return false;
}
if (param instanceof String){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof BigDecimal){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Integer){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Long){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Double){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Float){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Character){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Byte){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Short){
return true;
}
if (param instanceof Boolean){
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
接下来去实现ShardStrategy就很容易了(个别细节忽略):
public class TimeTrendShardStrategyImpl implements ShardStrategy{
private final static Integer tableCount = 512;
@Override
public String getTargetTableName(String baseTableName, Object params,String mapperId) {
Object value;
try {
// 调用封装的工具类获取传入标识有@SymbolShard注解的参数的值
value = SymbolShardValue.getShardValue(params, mapperId)[0];
// 连接数据库,去symbols表查询,注意这里不是使用自动注入@Autowired和@Resource,这种方式在权限课程里介绍过
String symbol = value.toString();
Symbol symbolInstance = SpringContextHolder.getBean(SymbolMapper.class).selectBySymbol(symbol);
if(symbolInstance == null) { // 如果查不到对应的symbol实例, 则返回一个普通表,否则这里会抛一个上层不知道的异常
return baseTableName + "_000";
}
// 根据id拼装实际的分表后的表名
Integer index = symbolInstance.getId() % tableCount;
String strIndex = "";
if(index < 10) {
strIndex = "00" + index;
} else if(index < 100) {
strIndex = "0" + index;
} else {
strIndex = "" + index;
}
return baseTableName + "_" + strIndex;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
写到这里,再提醒一下,别忘了把分表的方法和分表策略写入shard_config.xml
适用范围手记写到这里,其实并没有完成,还要注意这个插件的适用范围,我自己在上面踩过坑,就是在做数据库批量操作时使用这个插件会没有效果。
具体支持哪些sql呢,网上有人给了总结,我直接引用一下:
select * from test_table1
select * from test_table1 where col_1='123'
select * from test_table1 where col_1='123' and col_2=8
select * from test_table1 where col_1=?
select col_1,max(col_2) from test_table1 where col_4='t1' group by col_1
select col_1,col_2,col_3 from test_table1 where col_4='t1' order by col_1
select col_1,col_2,col_3 from test_table1 where id in (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?) limit ?,?
select a.* from test_table1 a,test_table2 b where a.id=b.id and a.type='xxxx'
select a.col_1,a.col_2,a.col_3 from test_table1 a where a.id in (select aid from test_table2 where col_1=1 and col_2=?) order by id desc
select col_1,col_2 from test_table1 where type is not null and col_3 is null order by id
select count(*),col_1 from test_table2 group by col_1 having count(*)>1
select a.col_1,a.col_2,b.col_1 from test_table1 a,t_table b where a.id=b.id
insert into test_table1 (col_1,col_2,col_3,col_4) values (?,?,?,?)
SELECT EMPLOYEEIDNO FROM test_table1 WHERE POSITION = 'Manager' AND SALARY > 60000 OR BENEFITS > 12000
SELECT EMPLOYEEIDNO FROM test_table1 WHERE POSITION = 'Manager' AND (SALARY > 50000 OR BENEFIT > 10000)
SELECT EMPLOYEEIDNO FROM test_table1 WHERE LASTNAME LIKE 'L%'
SELECT DISTINCT SELLERID, OWNERLASTNAME, OWNERFIRSTNAME FROM test_table1, test_table2 WHERE SELLERID = OWNERID ORDER BY OWNERLASTNAME, OWNERFIRSTNAME, OWNERID
SELECT OWNERFIRSTNAME, OWNERLASTNAME FROM test_table1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM test_table2 WHERE ITEM = ?)
SELECT BUYERID, ITEM FROM test_table1 WHERE PRICE >= ALL (SELECT PRICE FROM test_table2)
SELECT BUYERID FROM test_table1 UNION SELECT BUYERID FROM test_table2
SELECT OWNERID, 'is in both Orders & Antiques' FROM test_table1 a, test_table2 b WHERE a.OWNERID = b.BUYERID and a.type in (?,?,?)
SELECT DISTINCT SELLERID, OWNERLASTNAME, OWNERFIRSTNAME FROM test_table1, noconvert_table WHERE SELLERID = OWNERID ORDER BY OWNERLASTNAME, OWNERFIRSTNAME, OWNERID
SELECT a.* FROM test_table1 a, noconvert_table b WHERE a.SELLERID = b.OWNERID
update test_table1 set col_1=123 ,col_2=?,col_3=? where col_4=?
update test_table1 set col_1=?,col_2=col_2+1 where id in (?,?,?,?)
delete from test_table2 where id in (?,?,?,?,?,?) and col_1 is not null
INSERT INTO test_table1 VALUES (21, 01, 'Ottoman', ?,?)
INSERT INTO test_table1 (BUYERID, SELLERID, ITEM) VALUES (01, 21, ?)
可能有些sql语句没有出现在测试用例里,但是相信基本上常用的查询sql shardbatis解析都没有问题,因为shardbatis对sql的解析是基于jsqlparser的
另外需要注意的是:
- 2.0版本中insert update delete 语句中的子查询语句中的表不支持sharding
- select语句中如果进行多表关联,请务必为每个表名加上别名 例如原始sql语句:SELECT a. FROM ANTIQUES a,ANTIQUEOWNERS b, mytable c where a.id=b.id and b.id=c.id 经过转换后的结果可能为:SELECT a. FROM ANTIQUES_0 AS a, ANTIQUEOWNERS_1 AS b, mytable_1 AS c WHERE a.id = b.id AND b.id = c.id
(完)
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